Table 3.

Treatment of TMD symptoms in patients with dentofacial deformity

Reversible treatment of TMD	Irreversible treatment of TMD
Patient Education	Trigger Point Injections
Medications:	Botox
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (anti-RA meds)	Arthrocentesis
Muscle relaxants	Arthroscopy
Antidepressants	Open Arthroplasty
Physical Therapy
ROM exercised
Passive stretching
Spray and stretch
Ultrasound
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
Occlusal Splint Therapy

From Nale JC. Orthognathic Surgery and the Temporomandibular Joint Patient. Oral and maxillofacial surgery clinics of North America 2014;26:551–64 [116].