Table 3.

Marine species of green macroalgae (CHLOROPHYTES) producing PS: some structural features and applications.

Type of PS	Source	Structure		Action/ Application	References
		Main Mono-Sugars/Disaccharide Units	Glycosidic Bonds of Backbone
	Chlorophyta Bryopsidales
sPS, including S-galactans	Caulerpa spp.			Antioxidant, anticoagulant, antithrombotic; antiviral, anti-proliferative, antitumor	[2,153,154]
sPS and derivatives	C. cupressoides	Gal, man, xyl		Anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive	[8,155,156]
LMW-PS sPS	C. racemosa	Gal, glc, ara, uronic acid		Antiviral; antitumor	[32,154,157]
S-arabinogalactans	Codium spp.	Gal, ara	(1,3)-β-d-gal	Anticoagulant, antithrombotic, antiviral	[124,153,158,159,160,161]
S-pyrulylated-galactans	C. isthmocladum		(1,3)-β-d-gal	Antioxidant, anticoagulant, anti-proliferative	[2,162]
	Ulotrichales
S-mannans	Capsosiphon fulvescens	Man, glcAc, gal		Immunomodulator	[163]
S-rhamnans and LMW-S-rhamnans	Monostroma latissimum	Rham	(1,3)-α-l-rham, and (1,3)-α-l-rham or (1,2)-α-l-rham or (1→2,3)-α-l-rham	Antiviral, anticoagulant	[164,165,166,167,168]
S-rhamnans	M. nitidum	Rham, glc		Anticoagulant, antithrombotic, hepatoprotective, antitumor, immnunomodulator	[165,166,169,170,171]
	Ulvales
Rhamnans	Enteromorpha intestinalis	Rham, xyl, glcAc		Antitumor, immunomodulator	[172,173]
LMW-sPS	E. linza			Anticoagulant	[174]
S-ulvans and derivatives	E. prolifera			Immunomodulator, antioxidant, hypolipidaemic	[124,175,176,177]
S-ulvans and derivatives	Ulva spp.	Rham, xyl, glc, glcAc, IduAc		Anti-adhesive, antiproliferative, hepatoprotective	[178,179]
sPS	U. conglobata	Rham, uronic acid		Anticoagulant	[180]
sPS	U. fasciata	rham		Antioxidant. antitumor	[181]
S-galactans sPS	U. lactuca	Rham, xyl, glcAc		Antioxidant, anti-proliferative, hypocholesterolaemic, hepatoprotective, antitumor; Antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive	[90,182,183,184,185,186,187,188,189]
S-ulvans	U. pertusa	Rham, xyl, glcAc, iduAc	[→4)-β-d-GlcAc-(1,4)-α-l-rham3S-(1→], and [→4)-α-l-IduAc-(1,4)-α-l-rham3S-(1→]	Antioxidant, anti-proliferative, hypocholesterolaemic	[90,182,183,184,185]
LMW-S-ulvan or otherwise modified	U. pertusa			Antioxidant, hypotriglyceridaemic, decrease LDL- and increases HDL-cholesterol, immunostimulatory	[166,185,190,191]
S-PS	U. rigida	Rham, glcAc	β-d-glcAc-(1,4)-l-rham (disacharide)	Immunostimulatory	[178,192]