HORMAD1 stabilizes MEI4 foci on meiotic axes. Immunodetection of MEI4 and SYCP3 on surface-spread meiotic chromosomes from wild-type (A,B), Hormad1−/− (C,D), Spo11−/− (F,H) and Spo11−/−/Hormad1−/− (G,I) spermatocytes. Scale bars: 10 µm. Quantification of the total number of MEI4 foci and of the percentage of axis-associated foci in leptotene spermatocytes from wild-type and Hormad1−/− (E) and from wild-type, Spo11−/− and Spo11−/− Hormad1−/− mice (J). In J, quantification was performed using spreads prepared from frozen testes. As the quality of foci detection is lower compared to spreads prepared from fresh testes, a smaller number of foci was detected compared with the data in E. MEI4 foci were counted separately in early leptotene (eL) and middle or late leptotene (L) Spo11−/−/Hormad1−/− spermatocytes (J). P-values are from two-sided Mann–Whitney tests); n, number of nuclei; the mean is indicated by the black bar.