Table 3.
Dietary intake for nutrients associated with bone health by diet group (omnivorous, OMN; lacto-ovo vegetarian, LOV; vegan, VEGAN) 1.
| OMN (n = 27) | LOV (n = 26) | VEGAN (n = 28) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy, kcal | 2108 ± 727 | 2042 ± 558 | 2069 ± 665 | 0.856 |
| Protein, g | 97 ± 47 a | 68 ± 24 b | 69 ± 29 b | 0.006 |
| Calcium, mg | 939 ± 516 | 746 ± 422 | 768 ± 415 | 0.241 |
| Magnesium, mg | 210 ± 144 a | 241 ± 135 a | 354 ± 183 b | 0.006 |
| Potassium, mg | 2048 ± 1153 | 2135 ± 1220 | 2876 ± 1934 | 0.154 |
| Sodium, mg | 3743 ± 1877 | 2871 ± 1389 | 2522 ± 1228 | 0.067 |
| Zinc, mg | 8.7 ± 8.2 | 5.6 ± 3.8 | 8.5 ± 6.1 | 0.210 |
| Folate, ug | 286 ± 233 a | 391 ± 290 ab | 549 ± 367 b | 0.006 |
| Vitamin B6, mg | 1.5 ± 1.0 | 2.5 ± 4.2 | 2.4 ± 2.2 | 0.256 2 |
| Vitamin B12, mg | 4.9 ± 8.0 a | 2.3 ± 3.4 b | 3.3 ± 5.1 b | 0.051 2 |
| Vitamin C, mg | 149 ± 134 | 140 ± 128 | 225 ± 177 | 0.143 |
| Vitamin D, ug | 2.2 ± 2.9 | 1.3 ± 2.5 | 1.7 ± 2.3 | 0.089 2 |
| Vitamin K, ug | 100 ± 200 a | 159 ± 251 ab | 557 ± 871 b | 0.015 |
| n-6 fatty acids, g | 6.3 ± 7.4 | 5.8 ± 5.8 | 4.0 ± 3.1 | 0.479 2 |
| n-3 fatty acids, g | 0.8 ± 0.8 | 0.7 ± 1.0 | 1.3 ± 2.2 | 0.626 2 |
| n-6/n-3 ratio | 8.8 ± 5.3 ab | 10.8 ± 7.3 a | 6.4 ± 5.4 b | 0.026 |
1 p for univariate analyses analysis (transformed prior to analysis: protein, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, zinc, folate, vitamin K, n-6 and n-3 fatty acids); all p values adjusted for BMI, age, and gender; means with different superscripts differ significantly p < 0.05. 2 Non parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.