Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Movement Biofeedback Groupn = 58 | Guidelines-based Care Groupn = 54 | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years, mean) | 39 (SD 12) | 48 (SD 12) | 0.013 |
| Gender (women, proportion) | 30 (52 %) | 31 (57 %) | 0.729 |
| Pain episode duration (weeks, median)* | 52 (IQR 17, 52) | 52 (IQR 16, 312) | 0.184 |
| Activity limitation (RMDQ-23) (0–100 scale, mean) | 51.1 % (SD 38.1) | 49.1 % (SD 30.1) | 0.758 |
| Activity limitation (PSFS) (0–100 scale, mean) | 60.2 (SD 10.1) | 57.9 (SD 34.8) | 0.660 |
| Pain intensity (QVAS) (0–100 scale, mean) | 60.0 (SD 23.6) | 61.0 (SD 6.6) | 0.758 |
| Fear of movement (FABQpa) (0–24 scale, mean) | 13.8 (SD 6.8) | 14.4 (SD 8.0) | 0.674 |
RMDQ-23 = Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (23 item version) where low scores are better
PSFS = Patient Specific Functional Scale, converted to a 0–100 scale where low scores are better
QVAS = Average of four pain intensity VAS scales, where low scores are better
FABQpa = Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (physical activity subscale)
*Data presented are median (IQR) due to skew in data, group comparison undertaken using ordered logit regression clustered by site