TABLE 2.
Univariate Associations Between Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Baseline Demographic, Environmental, and Genetic Variables
| Late AMD |
Intermediate and Late AMD |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control,N (%) | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P | N (%) | OR (95% CI) | P | |
| Total patients | 1269 | 48 | 146 | ||||
| Age (years) | |||||||
| <70 | 275 (21.7) | 6 (12.5) | 1.0 | 22 (15.1) | 1.0 | ||
| 70+ | 994 (78.3) | 42 (87.5) | 1.9 (0.8–4.6) | .13 | 124 (84.9) | 1.6 (0.97–2.5) | .07 |
| Education | |||||||
| ≤High school | 500 (39.6) | 26 (54.2) | 1.0 | 67 (46.2) | 1.0 | ||
| >High school | 762 (60.4) | 22 (45.8) | 0.6 (0.3–0.99) | .046 | 78 (53.8) | 0.8 (0.5–1.1) | .13 |
| Smoking | |||||||
| Never | 709 (56.5) | 22 (46.8) | 1.0 | 81 (56.6) | 1.0 | ||
| Past | 471 (37.5) | 22 (46.8) | 1.5 (0.8–2.8) | .18 | 53 (37.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) | .94 |
| Current | 75 (6.0) | 3 (6.4) | 1.3 (0.4–4.4) | .69 | 9 (6.3) | 1.1 (0.5–2.2) | .89 |
| BMI | |||||||
| >25 | 348 (27.6) | 11 (22.9) | 1.0 | 39 (26.7) | 1.0 | ||
| 25–29 | 454 (36.0) | 17 (35.4) | 1.2 (0.5–2.6) | .62 | 52 (35.6) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | .83 |
| ≥30 | 458 (36.4) | 20 (41.7) | 1.4 (0.7–3.0) | .36 | 55 (37.7) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | .67 |
| Treatment groupb | |||||||
| Placebo for CEE + P | 378 (29.8) | 18 (37.5) | 1.0 | 46 (31.5) | 1.0 | ||
| CEE + P | 433 (34.1) | 11 (22.9) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | .11 | 38 (26.0) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | .16 |
| CEE | 216 (17.0) | 10 (20.8) | 1.0 (0.4–2.1) | .94 | 31 (21.2) | 1.2 (0.7–1.9) | .50 |
| Placebo for CEE | 242 (19.1) | 9 (18.8) | 0.8 (0.3–1.8) | .55 | 31 (21.2) | 1.1 (0.6–1.7) | .84 |
| ESTABLISHED GENETIC VARIANTS | |||||||
| CFH:rs1061170 (Y402H) | |||||||
| TT | 503 (40.0) | 8 (16.7) | 1.0 | 29 (19.9) | 1.0 | ||
| CT | 592 (47.1) | 28 (58.3) | 3.0 (1.3–6.6) | 70 (48.0) | 2.1 (1.3–3.2) | ||
| CC | 163 (13.0) | 12 (25.0) | 4.6 (1.9–11.5) | .0005a | 47 (32.2) | 5.0 (3.0–8.2) <.0001a | |
| CFH:rs1410996 | |||||||
| TT | 226 (18.0) | 3 (6.3) | 1.0 | 13 (8.9) | 1.0 | ||
| CT | 631 (50.2) | 14 (29.2) | 1.7 (0.5–5.9) | 39 (26.7) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | ||
| CC | 399 (31.8) | 31 (64.6) | 5.8 (1.8–19.4) | <.0001a | 94 (64.4) | 4.1 (2.2–7.5) | <.0001a |
| ARMS2/HTRA1 rs10490924 (A69S) | |||||||
| GG | 806 (63.9) | 17 (35.4) | 1.0 | 59 (40.4) | 1.0 | ||
| GT | 406 (32.2) | 23 (47.9) | 2.7 (1.4–5.1) | 74 (50.7) | 2.5 (1.7–3.6) | ||
| TT | 49 (3.9) | 8 (16.7) | 7.7 (3.2–18.9) | <.0001a | 13 (8.9) | 3.6 (1.9–7.1) | <.0001a |
| C2:rs9332739 (E318D) | |||||||
| GG | 1163 (92.4) | 43 (89.6) | 1.0 | 140 (95.9) | 1.0 | ||
| CC+CG | 96 (7.6) | 5 (10.4) | 1.4 (0.5–3.6) | .48 | 6 (4.1) | 0.5 (0.2–1.2) | .13 |
| C3:rs2230199 (R102G) | |||||||
| CC | 808 (64.1) | 26 (54.2) | 1.0 | 79 (54.1) | 1.0 | ||
| CG | 398 (31.6) | 14 (29.2) | 1.1 (1.6–2.1) | 52 (35.6) | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | ||
| GG | 54 (4.3) | 8 (16.7) | 4.6 (2.0–10.7) | .01a | 15 (10.3) | 2.8 (1.5–5.3) | .002a |
| CFI:rs10033900 | |||||||
| CC | 348 (27.6) | 9 (18.8) | 1.0 | 34 (23.3) | 1.0 | ||
| CT | 623 (49.4) | 20 (41.7) | 1.2 (0.6–2.8) | 68 (46.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | ||
| TT | 289 (22.9) | 19 (39.6) | 2.5 (1.1–5.7) | .016a | 44 (30.1) | 1.6 (1.0–2.5) | .06a |
| NEWLY REPORTED AMD VARIANTS | |||||||
| LIPC:rs493258 | |||||||
| CC | 354 (28.8) | 19 (39.6) | 1.0 | 50 (35.0) | 1.0 | ||
| CT | 597 (48.6) | 26 (54.2) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 80 (56.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.4) | ||
| TT | 277 (22.6) | 3 (6.3) | 0.2 (0.1–0.7) | .01a | 13 (9.1) | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) | .002a |
| LIPC:rs10468017 | |||||||
| CC | 650 (52.7) | 34 (70.8) | 1.0 | 89 (63.1) | 1.0 | ||
| CT | 487 (39.5) | 11 (22.9) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | 46 (32.6) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | ||
| TT | 97 (7.9) | 3 (6.3) | 0.6 (0.2–2.0) | .04a | 6 (4.3) | 0.5 (0.2–1.1) | .01a |
| TIMP3/SYN3:rs9621532 | |||||||
| AC+CC | 131 (10.5) | 5 (10.4) | 1.0 | 16 (11.1) | 1.0 | ||
| AA | 1114 (89.5) | 43 (89.6) | 1.0 (0.4–2.6) | .98 | 128 (88.9) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | .83 |
| SUGGESTIVE GENETIC VARIANT | |||||||
| APOE | |||||||
| E2E2+E2E3+E3E3 | 928 (73.7) | 39 (81.3) | 1.0 | 120 (82.2) | 1.0 | ||
| E2E4+E3E4+E4E4 | 331 (26.3) | 9 (18.8) | 0.6 (0.3–1.4) | .25 | 26 (17.8) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | .03 |
| POTENTIAL HDL PATHWAY VARIANTS | |||||||
| ABCA1:rs1883025 | |||||||
| CC | 647 (53.0) | 29 (60.4) | 1.0 | 77 (55.0) | |||
| CT+TT | 573 (47.0) | 19 (39.6) | 0.7 (0.4–1.3) | .32 | 63 (45.0) | 0.9 (0.7–1.3) | .66 |
| CETP:rs3764261 | |||||||
| CC | 571 (45.8) | 20 (41.7) | 1.0 | 58 (40.6) | 1.0 | ||
| CA | 544 (43.6) | 21 (43.8) | 1.1 (0.6–2.1) | 67 (46.9) | 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | ||
| AA | 132 (10.6) | 7 (14.6) | 1.5 (0.6–3.7) | .41a | 18 (12.6) | 1.3 (0.8–2.4) | .22a |
| LPL:rs12678919 | |||||||
| AA | 1009 (81.3) | 42 (87.5) | 1.0 | 120 (84.5) | 1.0 | ||
| AG+GG | 232 (18.7) | 6 (12.5) | 0.6 (0.3–1.5) | .28 | 22 (15.5) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | .35 |
AMD = age-related macular degeneration; BMI = body mass index; CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio.
a
Test for linear trend.
b
Treatment randomization groups defined as: Placebo for CEE + P = placebo for estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) + progestin; CEE + P = ERT + progestin; CEE = ERT only; Placebo for CEE = placebo for ERT only.