TABLE 3.

Major OP Metabolites Among Children Participants From Rice and Aquaculture Areas

Pesticide urinary metabolites	LOD/LOQ (μg/L)	Rice farming communities					Aquacultural farming communities					P value (Mann-Whitney U test)
		Detection (%)	Creatinine unadjusted (μg/L)		Creatinine adjusted (μg/g creatinine)		Detection (%)	Creatinine unadjusted (μg/L)		Creatinine adjusted (μg/g creatinine)
			Range	GM	Range	GM		Range	GM	Range	GM
TCPY	0.25	100%	0.6-22	4.6	1.90–55	6.0	82%	<LOD–10	1.5	<LOD–18	2.6	.007**
DMP	2.50	54%	<LOD–55	3.3	<LOD–82	4.3	27%	<LOD–13	2.1	<LOD–21	3.3	.88
DMTP	0.20	35%	<LOD–214	0.5	<LOD–284	0.6	48%	<LOD–17	0.4	<LOD–19	0.6	.87
DMDTP	0.20	20%	<LOD–1.9	0.2	<LOD–2.6	0.2	10%	<LOD–1.3	0.2	<LOD–2	0.2	.73
DEP	0.20	87%	<LOD–21	1.7	<LOD–33	2.3	55%	<LOD–5.2	0.3	<LOD–18	0.5	.003**
DETP	0.10	95%	<LOD–71	1.2	<LOD–74	1.7	65%	<LOD–14	0.2	<LOD–21	0.4	.002**
DEDTP	0.20	23%	<LOD–0.7	0.2	<LOD–1.8	0.2	7.1%	LOD–1.2	0.2	<LOD–0.9	0.2	.55
ΣDAP			26–2383a	210a	40–3165b	270b		20–375a	62a	15–1290b	101b	.008**
ADDc					0.07–1.78	0.23				0.01–0.61	0.10	.004**

^aReported in nmol/L.

^bReported in μmol/g creatinine.

^cReported in μg/kg/day.

^**Significant level at P < .01. Mann-Whitney U test was performed between two groups, using creatinine-adjusted concentrations.