Table 2.
Genetic variants showing a significant association with diabetic neuropathies in T2DM.
| Gene | SNP/variant | Risk variant | Sample size | Ethnic group | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) | |||||
| ACE | I/D (287 bp, intron 19) | D | 1316 T2DM patients with DPN, 1617 controls | Caucasians and Asians | (114) |
| AKR1B1 | −106 C/T | T | 85 T2DM patients, 126 non-diabetic controls | Finnish | (115) |
| (CA)n repeat (Z allele, n = 24) | Z-2 | ||||
| Alpha 2B-AR | I/D | D | 130 T2DM patients with DPN, 60 T2DM patients without DPN | Greek | (116) |
| APOE | rs429358 T/C, rs7412 C/T | C/C | 158 T2DM patients | Japanese | (117) |
| GPx-1 | rs1050450 C/T | T | 1155 T1DM and T2DM patients | Caucasian | (120) |
| IL-4 | VNTR (P1/P2 allele) | P1 allele | 227 T1DM and T2DM patients with DPN, 241 non-diabetic controls | Turkish | (121) |
| IL-10 | −1082 G/A | G | 198 T2DM patients, 202 non-diabetic controls | South Indian | (122) |
| IFN-γ | 874 A/T | A | 198 T2DM patients, 202 non-diabetic controls | South Indian | (122) |
| MTHFR | 677 C/T | T | 230 T1DM and T2DM patients with DPN, 282 Non-diabetic controls | Turkish | (123) |
| NOS1AP | rs1963645 A/G | G | 26 Diabetic patients with CKD | White American | (124) |
| rs6659759 T/C | C | 21 Non-diabetics with CKD | |||
| rs16849113 C/T | T | 30 Diabetic patients with CKD | African | ||
| rs880296 C/G | G | 20 Non-diabetics with CKD | American | ||
| NOS3 | 27VNTR (4a/b) | 4a | 353 T2DM patients with DPN | North and South Indian | (125) |
| −786 T/C (rs270744) | C | 905 T2DM patients without DPN | |||
| TLR4 | 896 A/G (rs4986790) | AA | 246 T1DM patients, 530 T2DM patients | German Caucasian | (128) |
| 1196 C/T | CC | ||||
| UCP2 | −866 G/A | A | 197 T2DM patients | Japanese | (129) |
| VEGF | I/D (18bp, at −2549) | D | 84 T2DM patients with DPN, 90 Non-diabetic controls | Romanian | (130) |
| B. Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) | |||||
| CHT1 | SNP in 3′UTR | T | 95 T2DM patients, 208 non-diabetic controls | African Americans | (132) |
| TCF7L2 | rs7903146 C/T | T | 154 T2DM patients, 185 non-diabetic controls | Italian | (9) |
| rs7901695 T/C | C | ||||
| TCF-α | −308 A/G | A | eight diabetic patients with congestive heart failure, three healthy controls | Serbian | (133) |
Several genes and their genetic variants have been associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN, A) and cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN, B) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This table lists the first publications to identify a statistically significant association between these genetic variants and the diabetic neuropathy, or refers to a recent meta-analysis if too many contradictory publications were found on the topic. bp, base pair; CKD, chronic kidney disease; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; T1DM, type 1 diabetes mellitus; T2DM, type 2 diabetes mellitus; UTR, untranslated region.