Figure 3.

Representative snapshots of the EC in three different translocation states. (A) Hypertranslocated state (x₂ ≃ 4 Å), the model state built from the posttranslocated state by rigid displacements of nucleotides upstream. (B) Posttranslocated state (x₂ ≃ 0 Å), the stable reference state of the open complex. (C) Pretranslocated state (x₂ ≃ −4 Å), extracted from an umbrella sampling trajectory generated from the posttranslocated state via constrained simulations. [Color figure can be viewed in the online issue, which is available at www.interscience.wiley.com.]