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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 28.
Published in final edited form as: J Cogn Neurosci. 2011 Oct 7;24(5):1205–1223. doi: 10.1162/jocn_a_00143

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Scalp voltage maps showing the difference between violation and control words, averaged over selected time windows. Scale is −3 μV (blue) to +3 μV (red). Participants were split into “high”- and “low”-proficiency subgroups based on a median split of composite TOAL-3 scores within each group. Although in the statistical analyses proficiency was treated as a continuous variable rather than dichotomized, here the dichotomization serves to highlight differences that are consistent within each learner group, across variation in proficiency.