Table 3.

Risk factors associated with drug use risk group membership relative to low intensity drug using group^*

	EXACT EMA Drug Use Risk Groups
Risk factor	Group 2-Moderate intensity drug use			Group 3-High intensity drug use
	Log Odds	SE	p-value	Log Odds	SE	p-value
Demographics
Age≥50	−0.61	0.58	0.289	−2.11	1.16	0.069
Female	−0.17	0.55	0.755	0.60	1.04	0.564
Black	−0.23	1.02	0.825	−1.34	1.21	0.270
Never married	−1.48	0.71	0.036	−1.28	0.93	0.171
High school educated	0.24	0.59	0.684	−1.41	1.16	0.223
Income<$5,000	0.99	0.64	0.124	1.33	1.18	0.262
Homeless	−1.06	0.84	0.207	−0.72	1.39	0.604
Any alcohol use	0.29	0.62	0.644	0.72	0.95	0.448
Any cigarette use	0.62	0.71	0.382	17.13	3211.04	0.996
Clinical Characteristics
CES-D≥23a	0.17	0.66	0.798	1.39	0.88	0.116
HIV	−0.58	0.60	0.340	−1.94	0.95	0.042
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)	−12.55	454.98	0.978	−14.92	454.99	0.974
Hepatitis C positiveb	0.07	0.83	0.931	−1.60	1.02	0.118
Sexually transmitted infections (excluding chlamydia)	−17.31	2593.91	0.990	−10.84	229.97	0.962
Drug use characteristics
Frequency of daily injection
<1/day	1.92	0.74	0.009	−14.38	2798.93	0.996
≥1/day	2.17	1.10	0.049	3.75	1.36	0.006
Shared needles	2.02	1.08	0.063	2.70	1.24	0.030
Current injector	1.92	0.66	0.004	2.75	1.00	0.006
Marijuana use	0.82	0.65	0.209	−0.11	1.19	0.926
Snort cocaine	16.03	2805.64	0.995	16.84	2805.64	0.995
Snort heroin	18.07	2727.37	0.995	17.10	2727.37	0.995
Inject cocaine	1.17	0.91	0.202	2.34	1.07	0.028
Inject heroin	2.26	0.84	0.007	3.31	1.13	0.004
Crack use	2.60	1.07	0.015	3.25	1.24	0.009
Speedball usec	2.02	1.21	0.094	2.70	1.33	0.043
Attended a detox program	17.14	2808.83	0.995	16.75	2808.83	0.995
Methadone treatment	−0.29	0.64	0.645	−1.57	1.51	0.299
Any other drug treatment program	−0.83	0.78	0.289	−16.99	3135.07	0.996
Attended a drug alcohol treatment program	−0.02	0.58	0.968	−1.34	0.95	0.158
DAST ≥16d	0.49	1.33	0.715	0.82	1.68	0.627

^*All characteristics represent self-reported behavior within the 6 months prior to the start of EXACT

Bold values indicate p-value<0.05

^aCenter for Epidemiologic Studies- Depression Scale

^bDiagnosis via HCV antibody testing

^cSpeedball is defined as the simultaneous injection of a mixture of cocaine and heroin

^dDrug Abuse Screening Test