Table 1. Clinical and Bone Characteristics of Oligo-amenorrheic Athletes (OA), Eumenorrheic Athletes (EA) and Non-athletes (NA).
| Characteristics | OA (n=20) | EA (n=10) | NA (n=11) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 21.2±2.2 | 21.1±2.3 | 21.7±1.9 | 0.76 |
| Bone Age (years) | 18±0 | 18±0 | 17.9±0.32 | 0.23 |
| Age at menarche (years) | 13.3±1.8 | 12.0±1.6 | 12.6±0.82 | 0.10 |
| Duration of Amenorrhea (months)** | 5.17 (3-29.75) | |||
| Height (cm) | 162.7±6.7 | 162.7±5.3 | 164.0±9.0 | 0.87 |
| Weight (kg) | 56.37±7.58 | 60.32±6.80 | 60.96±11.50 | 0.29 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.2±2.1 | 22.8±2.3 | 22.5±2.4 | 0.13 |
| Activity (hours/week) | 9.7±5.5 | 8.9±3.6 | 1.2±2.4 | 0.003b |
| Areal Bone Mineral Density (BMD) | ||||
| Lumbar spine BMD Z-scores | -0.58±0.94 | -0.28±0.69 | -0.43±1.09 | 0.71 |
| Femoral neck BMD Z-scores | -0.28±0.90 | 0.65±0.71 | -0.17±0.94 | 0.03a |
| Total Hip BMD Z-scores | 0.13±0.89 | 0.82±0.78 | 0.06±0.79 | 0.07 |
| Microarchitecture CT radius | ||||
| Total volumetric bone mineral density(vBMD) (mgHA/cm3) | 312.4±48.0 | 325.2±58.1 | 319.1±53.7 | 0.82 |
| Cortical vBMD (mgHA/cm3) | 846.1±40.9 | 854.0±40.7 | 871.4±38.0 | 0.28 |
| Trabecular vBMD (mgHA/cm3) | 164.2±34.2 | 170.3±50.6 | 158.1±29.4 | 0.78 |
| Total area (mm2) | 261.0±52.0 | 263.1±27.6 | 267.2±61.1 | 0.95 |
| Cortical area (mm2) | 50.8±87 | 53.9±11.4 | 55.2±11.2 | 0.50 |
| Trabecular area (mm2) | 210.4±56.1 | 202.4±33.2 | 209.1±57.0 | 0.93 |
| Cortical Thickness (mm) | 0.76±0.15 | 0.81±0.19 | 0.82±0.17 | 0.51 |
| Microarchitecture CT tibia | ||||
| Total vBMD (mgHA/cm3) | 346.4±44.7 | 341.0±68.1 | 305.0±45.9 | 0.12 |
| Cortical vBMD (mgHA/cm3) | 885.6±36.0 | 874.7±36.4 | 900.0±35.8 | 0.32 |
| Trabecular vBMD (mgHA/cm3) | 201.5±28.3 | 215.0±48.1 | 177.4±24.6 | 0.05a |
| Total area (mm2) | 646.4±127.4 | 703.1±66.5 | 664.9±163.1 | 0.55 |
| Cortical area (mm2) | 131.1±18.9 | 133.3±27.3 | 111.9±27.0 | 0.04*b |
| Trabecular area (mm2) | 515.6±132.9 | 571.1±82.4 | 550.6±147.7 | 0.52 |
| Cortical Thickness (mm) | 1.34±0.23 | 1.30±0.31 | 1.13±0.22 | 0.09 |
a
p<0.05 OA vs EA;
b
p<0.05 OA vs NA. Data presented as means ± SDs. Significant p values are bolded.
OA: oligomenorrheic athletes; EA eumenorrheic athletes; NA non-athletes ANOVA used for 3 group comparisons followed by Dunnett's testing when ANOVA was significant with OA as the comparison group.
*
Non-parametric data. Kruskall Wallis was used for the 3 groups comparison followed by Steel Dwass test to control for multiple comparisons.
**
Data presented as median + interquatile range