Table 3.

Correlates of HCV infection among soon-to-be-released Azerbaijani prisoners (N = 510).

Covariate	N (%)a	Bivariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
		Unadjusted Odds Ratio	95% C.I.	p-value	Adjusted Odds Ratio	95% C.I.	p-value
Male	452 (88.6)	6.23	2.62–14.80	<0.001*	9.78*	2.4–39.7*	0.001*
Female	58 (11.4)	Ref	–	–	Ref	–	–
Recidivist	339 (66.5)	1.84	1.27–2.68	0.001*	0.76	0.44–1.31	0.315
First time offender	171 (33.5)	Ref	–	–	Ref	–	–
Completed high school	188 (36.9)	0.529	0.82–1.73	0.196	–	–	–
Have worked abroad (in Russia or Ukraine)	64 (12.9)	1.10	0.64–1.87	0.736
Income below poverty line	269 (52.7)	0.881	0.61–1.27	0.493	–	–	–
Major depression	129 (26.0)	2.47	1.75–4.00	<0.001*	2.04*	1.15–3.60*	0.014*
Anxiety disorder	24 (4.8)	2.33	1.02–5.37	0.046*	0.49	0.14–1.69	0.257
Alcohol use disorder	2 (10.2)	4.42	2.35–8.32	<0.001*	3.33*	1.46–7.59*	0.004*
Use in 30 days before incarceration
Any substance use	154 (31.0)	13.91	8.75–22.11	<0.001*	–	–	–
Amphetamine use	2 (0.4)	1.60	0.10–25.75	0.740	–	–	–
Opioid use	151 (30.0)	15.69	9.74–25.26	<0.001*	–	–	–
Sedatives use	13 (2.6)	3.72	1.13–12.26	0.031*	–	–	–
Reused syringe, container or needle	65 (13.1)	26.62	10.44–67.83	<0.001*	4.79*	1.57–14.61*	0.006*
Multiple-substance use	38 (7.5)	0.38	0.19–0.74	0.004*	–	–	–
Lifetime use
Injected drugs	161 (31.9)	20.63	12.68–33.57	<0.001*	12.85*	7.09–23.29*	<0.001*
Any substance use	169 (35.7)	16.96	10.61–27.13	<0.001*	–	–	–
Tattoo from non-professional	138 (73.8)	1.97	1.36–2.86	<0.001*	1.33	0.81–2.18	0.264
Akaike Information Criterion (AIC)	436.6

^*Significant difference, defined as p ≤0.05.

^aPercent of those reporting.