Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of the 8 cohort studies.
| Add Health | GSOEP | HILDA | HRS | MIDUS | NCDS | WLSG | WLSS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Country | US | Germany | Australia | US | US | UK | US | US |
| Number of participants | ||||||||
| Baseline | 4,949 | 18,155 | 11,016 | 13,871 | 6,186 | 8,697 | 6,658 | 3,417 |
| Longitudinal | - | 12,542 | 8,412 | 12,579 | 4,273 | - | 5,692 | 2,662 |
| Age | 29.0 (1.8) | 47.4 (17.3) | 43.8 (17.9) | 67.3 (10.4) | 46.8 (12.9) | 50.3 (0.5) | 54.1 (0.5) | 53.2 (7.4) |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Men | 45.7 (2,260) | 47.7 (8,653) | 46.8 (5,153) | 40.8 (5,653) | 47.6 (2,946) | 48.2 (4,196) | 46.1 (3,070) | 46.9 (1,603) |
| Women | 54.3 (2,689) | 52.3 (9,502) | 53.2 (5,863) | 59.2 (8,218) | 52.4 (3,240) | 51.8 (4,501) | 53.9 (3,588) | 53.1 (1,814) |
| Education | ||||||||
| Primary | 33.4 (1,651) | 16.3 (2,800) | 34.6 (3,808) | 18.6 (2,571) | 8.6 (528) | 18.5 (1,606) | - | 5.2 (176) |
| Secondary | 53.6 (2,651) | 61.2 (10,525) | 44.4 (4,886) | 55.3 (7,656) | 59.3 (3,662) | 61.5 (5,345) | 72.1 (4,799) | 64.2 (2,194) |
| Tertiary | 13.1 (647) | 22.5 (3,878) | 21.1 (2,322) | 26.2 (3,629) | 32.1 (1,983) | 20.1 (1,745) | 27.9 (1,859) | 30.6 (1,047) |
| Nationality/ethnicity | ||||||||
| Majority | 72.1 (3,568) | 93.0 (16,881) | 79.2 (8,730) | 78.0 (10,821) | 89.0 (5,508) | 98.0 (8,521) | 100.0 (6,658) | 100.0 (3,417) |
| Minority | 27.9 (1,381) | 7.0 (1,274) | 20.8 (2,286) | 22.0 (3,050) | 11.0 (678) | 2.0 (176) | - | - |
| Marital status | ||||||||
| Married/cohabiting | 41.6 (2,057) | 60.0 (10,902) | 59.4 (6,541) | 64.0 (8,872) | 67.7 (4,187) | 69.8 (6,072) | 83.1 (5,532) | 80.6 (2,754) |
| Single | 58.4 (2,892) | 40.0 (7,253) | 40.6 (4,475) | 36.0 (4,996) | 32.3 (1,996) | 30.2 (2,625) | 16.9 (1,125) | 19.4 (663) |
| Follow-up time (months) | - | 48.1 (1.6) | 48.0 (1.3) | 35.3 (16.0) | 107.5 (6.3) | - | 134.0 (4.2) | 136.2 (6.3) |
| Baseline alcohol use | ||||||||
| Abstinence | 41.0 (2,028) | 13.5 (2,442) | 39.8 (4,385) | 66.6 (9,235) | 75.9 (4,697) | 17.5 (1,519) | 45.2 (3,011) | 43.9 (1,500) |
| Moderate | 56.2 (2,781) | 80.0 (14,530) | 54.5 (6,006) | 31.7 (4,401) | 21.8 (1,349) | 75.1 (6,532) | 54.0 (3,596) | 55.1 (1,882) |
| Heavy | 2.8 (140) | 6.5 (1,183) | 5.7 (625) | 1.7 (235) | 2.3 (140) | 7.4 (646) | 0.8 (51) | 1.0 (35) |
| Follow-up alcohol use | ||||||||
| Abstinence | - | 14.2 (1,781) | 37.7 (3,407) | 65.9 (8,285) | 45.6 (1,947) | - | 29.8 (1,698) | 28.4 (757) |
| Moderate | - | 79.5 (9,996) | 56.7 (5,124) | 32.7 (4,116) | 52.7 (2,252) | - | 68.8 (3,914) | 70.7 (1,883) |
| Heavy | - | 6.3 (791) | 5.7 (512) | 1.4 (178) | 1.7 (74) | - | 1.4 (80) | 0.8 (22) |
Note. Values are means (and standard deviations) or percentages (and number of participants). Because of missing data in covariates, numbers of covariate frequencies may not add up to the total number of participants with personality and baseline smoking data.
Add Health, National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health; BHPS, British Household Panel Survey; GSOEP, German Socio-Economic Panel Study; HILDA, Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia; HRS, Health and Retirement Study; MIDUS, Midlife in the United States; NCDS, National Child Development Study; WLSG, Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Graduate Sample; WLSS, Wisconsin Longitudinal Study Sibling Sample.