Table 4.

Potential biomarkers identified in adults.

Potential Biomarkers	Amount of studies that investigated this biomarker
IL-6	7
TNF-α	5
CRP	4
8-isoprostane, hs-CRP, ICAM-1.	3
Adiponectin, IL-10, IL-8, PAI-1, S100B, TRX, Urinary catecholamines, VEGF, uric acid	2
8-OHdG, Arterial lactate levels, Brachial-ankle PWV, Chemerin, CK, Cystatin C, Cysteine, DJ-1, E-selectin, eCO, eNO, Epinephrine, Fractalkine, GSH, GSSG, H2O2, Homocysteine, L-selectin, LTB4, MCP-1, MMP-9, NF-kB, Nitrates, nNO, Noradrenaline, Norepinephrine, NOx, NSE, Ometin-1, P-selectin, PDW, pLOX-1RDW, S100A12, SAA, slL-R, sTNFR-1, TNF-α receptor 2, VCAM-1, YKL-40.	1

8-OHdG=*-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine, CK=creatine phosphokinase, DJ-1= gene that is involved in tumorigenesis and in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, eCO=exhaled carbon monoxide, eNO=exhaled nitric oxide, GSH=reduced glutathione, GSSG=oxidized glutathione, H₂O₂=hydrogen peroxide, hs-CRP=high sensitivity C-reactive protein, ICAM-1=intercellular adhesion molecule-1, IL-10=interleukin-10, IL-8=interleukin-8, LTB₄=leukotriene B₄, MCP-1=monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, MMP-9=matrix metallopeptidade-9, NF-kB=proinflamatory transcription nuclear factor kappa B, nNO=nasal nitric oxide, NOx=nitrate mono-notrogen oxides, NSE=neuron-specific enolase, PAI-1=plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, PDW=platelet distribution width, pLOX-1=plasma lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1, PWV=pulse wave velocity, RDW=red cell distribution width, SAA=serum amyloid, S100B=S100 calcium binding protein B,, slL-6R=soluble interleukin-6 receptor, sTNFR-1=soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1, TNF-α rR2= tumor necrose factor alpha receptor 2, TRX=thioredoxin, VCAM-1=vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, VEGF=vascular endothelial growth factor, YKL-40=human cartilage glycoprotein-40.