Table 2.
Concentration of Cytokine Analytes, by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Status
| Analyte | HIV-1–Susceptible Partners |
HIV-1–Infected Partners |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Seroconverters (n = 120) | Nonseroconverters (n = 321) | Unadjusted P Valuesa | Adjusted P Valuesb | Transmitters (n = 120) | Nontransmitters (n = 321) | Unadjusted P Valuesa | Adjusted P Valuesb | |
| EGF | 2.23 (0.18–3.21) | 2.35 (0.18–3.33) | .02 | .3 | 2.14 (0.18–3.15) | 2.23 (0.18–3.13) | .1 | .3 |
| CCL11 | 1.98 (0.18–2.87) | 1.93 (0.18–2.88) | .1 | .9 | 1.93 (0.18–3.18) | 1.98 (0.65–2.66) | .2 | .99 |
| CX3CL1 | 1.27 (0.18–3.78) | 1.14 (0.18–3.81) | .2 | .99 | 1.07 (0.18–3.41) | 1.02 (0.18–3.54) | .6 | .99 |
| G-CSF | 1.57 (0.18–3.06) | 1.46 (0.51–3.35) | .004 | .1 | 1.64 (0.52–2.52) | 1.56 (0.18–2.84) | .01 | .1 |
| GM-CSF | 0.92 (0.18–3.58) | 0.86 (0.18–3.37) | .5 | .99 | 0.82 (0.18–3.49) | 0.8 (0.18–3.43) | .8 | .99 |
| IFN-γ | 1 (0.18–3.1) | 0.86 (0.18–2.86) | .07 | .8 | 1.13 (0.18–3.4) | 1.16 (0.18–3.27) | .7 | .99 |
| IL-10 | 0.91 (0.18–2.97) | 0.66 (0.18–2.73) | <.001 | .001 | 0.98 (0.18–2.39) | 0.76 (0.18–2.52) | <.001 | .003 |
| IL-12p40 | 0.69 (0.18–2.76) | 0.54 (0.18–2.99) | .03 | .4 | 0.92 (0.18–3.29) | 0.75 (0.18–3.13) | .03 | .3 |
| IL-12p70 | 0.68 (0.18–3.16) | 0.49 (0.18–3.16) | .01 | .2 | 0.49 (0.18–2.92) | 0.56 (0.18–3.72) | .3 | .99 |
| IL-13 | 0.49 (0.18–2.86) | 0.39 (0.18–2.63) | .09 | .8 | 0.32 (0.18–2.36) | 0.3 (0.18–3.02) | .7 | .99 |
| IL-17 | 0.71 (0.18–2.6) | 0.6 (0.18–2.56) | .1 | .9 | 0.47 (0.18–2.54) | 0.52 (0.18–2.61) | .4 | .99 |
| IL-1α | 0.5 (0.18–3.31) | 0.49 (0.18–3.21) | .9 | .99 | 0.29 (0.18–2.9) | 0.3 (0.18–2.45) | .9 | .99 |
| IL-1β | 0.47 (0.18–2.99) | 0.41 (0.18–2.73) | .3 | .99 | 0.34 (0.18–2.97) | 0.28 (0.18–2.68) | .2 | .99 |
| IL-1Rα | 0.61 (0.18–2.45) | 0.58 (0.18–2.6) | .6 | .99 | 0.58 (0.18–3.66) | 0.56 (0.18–3.27) | .8 | .99 |
| IL-2 | 0.5 (0.18–2.79) | 0.42 (0.18–2.43) | .1 | .9 | 0.35 (0.18–2.8) | 0.34 (0.18–2.78) | .8 | .99 |
| IL-4 | 0.26 (0.18–2.7) | 0.2 (0.18–2.57) | .07 | .8 | 0.31 (0.18–3.17) | 0.23 (0.18–2.73) | .1 | .8 |
| IL-5 | 0.32 (0.18–1.81) | 0.27 (0.18–1.84) | .1 | .9 | 0.33 (0.18–1.7) | 0.27 (0.18–2.02) | .06 | .9 |
| IL-6 | 0.81 (0.18–3.01) | 0.73 (0.18–2.97) | .3 | .99 | 0.5 (0.18–2.52) | 0.48 (0.18–3.44) | .6 | .99 |
| IL-7 | 0.59 (0.18–2.84) | 0.5 (0.18–2.46) | .1 | .9 | 0.42 (0.18–2.31) | 0.38 (0.18–2.31) | .3 | .8 |
| CXCL8 | 1.64 (0.18–4) | 1.7 (0.33–4) | .4 | .99 | 1.61 (0.18–4) | 1.62 (0.41–4) | .9 | .99 |
| CXCL10 | 2.37 (1.52–3.87) | 2.23 (1.21–3.2) | <.001 | <.001 | 2.81 (2.25–3.71) | 2.68 (1.94–3.52) | <.001 | .001 |
| CCL2 | 2.35 (0.18–3.36) | 2.34 (1.47–3.63) | .9 | .99 | 2.43 (1.4–3.67) | 2.45 (1.25–3.74) | .6 | .99 |
| CCL3 | 1.83 (0.18–4) | 1.9 (0.18–4) | .4 | .99 | 1.72 (0.18–3.71) | 1.82 (0.18–4) | .3 | .99 |
| CCL4 | 1.97 (0.18–3.11) | 1.96 (0.66–3.1) | .8 | .99 | 1.88 (0.74–3.12) | 1.85 (0.18–3.16) | .4 | .99 |
| CCL5 | 3.18 (0.18–3.83) | 3.21 (0.18–3.84) | .4 | .99 | 3.16 (0.83–3.7) | 3.13 (1.59–4) | .3 | .99 |
| scd40l | 2.88 (0.18–3.75) | 2.85 (0.18–3.74) | .6 | .9 | 2.55 (0.18–3.06) | 2.62 (0.18–3.22) | .1 | .99 |
| TGF-α | 1.03 (0.18–2.8) | 0.96 (0.18–3.7) | .1 | .7 | 0.83 (0.18–1.82) | 0.79 (0.18–2.28) | .2 | .05 |
| TNF-α | 1.04 (0.18–2.62) | 0.96 (0.18–2.55) | .06 | .99 | 1.12 (0.18–2.49) | 1 (0.18–2.59) | .002 | .4 |
| VEGF | 2.13 (0.18–3.33) | 2.16 (0.18–3.38) | .7 | .99 | 2.06 (0.18–3.32) | 2.2 (0.18–3.47) | .1 | .8 |
Data are log10-transformed median pg/mL (interquartile range).
Abbreviations: EGF, epidermal growth factor; G-CSF, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor; GM-CSF, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IFN-γ, interferon γ; IL-1, interleukin 1; IL-2, interleukin 2; IL-4, interleukin 4; IL-5, interleukin 5; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-7, interleukin 7; IL-10, interleukin 10; IL-12, interleukin 12; IL-13, interleukin 13; IL-17, interleukin 17; TGF-α, transforming growth factor α; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.
a By the 2-sided Student t test for comparisons of the mean difference in mean concentrations between seroconverters and nonseroconverters.
b Adjusted for multiple comparisons, using the permutation t test for means.