Figure 1.

Adjusted total normal sperm count and total motile sperm count according to quartile intake of high or low-to-moderate pesticide fruits and vegetables (n = 155 men, 338 semen samples). Values are adjusted normal count (95% CI) across (A) quartiles intake of high pesticide residue fruits and vegetables (P-trend = 0.003) and (B) intake of low-to-moderate pesticide residue fruits and vegetables (P-trend = 0.15); adjusted motile count (95% CI) across (C) quartiles intake of high pesticide residue fruits and vegetables (P-trend = 0.003) and (D) intake of low-to-moderate pesticide residue fruits and vegetables (P-trend = 0.17); the results are adjusted for total energy intake, abstinence time, age, BMI, physical activity, race, prudent and western dietary patterns, smoking status and history of varicocele. (A) and (C) were additionally adjusted for low-to-moderate pesticide fruit and vegetable intake. (B) and (D) were additionally adjusted for high pesticide fruit and vegetable intake. Tests for trend were conducted across quartiles using the median value of a variable in each quartile. Asterisks represented significant differences between groups, *P < 0.05. Error bar indicated 95% CI. L-M, low-to-moderate.