FIG. 3.

Comparison of sequentially and coaggregate-inoculated biofilms. (A to D) Confocal micrographs of four-species biofilms containing S. gordonii, A. naeslundii, V. atypica, and F. nucleatum. Biofilms were stained with general nucleic acid stain Syto 59. (A) One-hour biofilms inoculated in a sequential order demonstrating the widespread coverage of flow cell surface. Bar, 40 μm. (B) Fourteen-hour sequentially inoculated biofilm. (C) One-hour coaggregate-inoculated biofilm. (D) Fourteen-hour biofilm inoculated with a coaggregate of the four species. (E) Biovolumes of sequentially and coaggregate-inoculated biofilms.