Zienicke 1993

Methods	Individual randomised controlled trials
Participants	Dx: SD; participants must be 16 years of age and older Excluded: pregnant persons, HIV-positive persons, those with allergy to imidazoles, those given topical treatment 2 weeks before start of study, etc
Interventions	Intervention: 1% bifonazole ointment applied once daily to the face for 28 days (n = 45) Control: vehicle applied similarly (n = 47)
Outcomes	Total remission of symptoms, symptom severity score
Notes	Country: Germany; no conflict of interest; side effects: Unwanted effects were recorded 7 times in the bifonazole group and 4 times in the control group. No mention is made of the actual number of participants in each group who were affected. Side effects included itch, erythema, tightness of the skin, burning, papules and scaling
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	"One hundred patients were enrolled and treated according to a random plan ... This was a controlled, double-blind multi centre trial ..."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Baseline comparable?	Unclear risk	"There were no differences between the verum-treated group and the control group in terms of age ..."
Patient blinded?	Unclear risk	"... double blind ..."
Provider blinded?	Unclear risk	"... double blind ..."
Outcome assessor blinded?	Unclear risk	"... double blind ..."
Co-interventions avoided?	Unclear risk	Not reported
Compliance acceptable?	Unclear risk	Not reported
Drop-out acceptable?	Low risk	Bifonazole (17%), vehicle (8.51%)
Selective outcome reporting acceptable?	Unclear risk	Not reported
ITT?	High risk	92 participants were evaluated in all; totals provided in tables show that ITT analysis was not done