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Schematic representation of the regulation of signaling responses by vitamin C. Vitamin C enters the cell through the glucose transporters as DHA and is rapidly reduced to AA. ROS induces NF-κB signaling responses by activating IKKβ, and AA quenches ROS, inhibiting the activation of IKKβ. Throughout these processes, AA becomes oxidized to DHA, and DHA inhibits IKKβ.
