Table 2.

Representative preclinical in vivo experiments

miRNA	Cancer	Target	Result	Reference
miR-221	HCC	CDKN1B/p27, CDKN1C/p57, Bmf, PTEN, TIMP3, DDIT4, mTOR	A transgenic mouse model of miR-221 overexpression in the liver was established, which is characterized by the inevitable appearance of spontaneous liver tumors with diethylnitrosamine. When received an in vivo intravenous injection of anti-miR-221 oligonucleotides exhibited a significant reduction in the number and size of liver tumor nodules.	[48]
miR-7	HCC	PIK3CD	In a xenograft model, overexpressed miR-7 effectively repressed tumor growth and decreased metastasis to the lung.	[49]
miR-520e	HCC	NIK	HepG2 cells transfected with miR-520e or a negative control were injected subcutaneously into nude mice. The introduction of miR-520e led to a significant reduction in both the size of tumor volume and the frequency of tumor formation. In addition, direct intratumoral injection with miR-520e oligonucleotides repressed the growth of HCC cells in an in vivo xenograft model.	[50]
miR-375	HCC	AEG-1	Overexpression of miR-375 in liver cancer cells decreased cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, and invasion, and induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Direct administration of cholesterol-conjugated 2’-O-methyl-modified miR375 mimics significantly affected the growth of HCC xenografts.	[51]
miR-25	Colon cancer	Smad7	In a xenograft model study, stable overexpression of miR25 in colon cancer cells suppressed tumor growth.	[52]
miR-217	PDCA	KRAS	Xenograft tumors of PDAC cells were directly injected with miR217-expressing plasmids or a control vector using in vivo-jet PEI. The results from these assays indicated that miR-217 suppresses tumor cell growth in vivo.	[53]

Oncogenic miRNA: miR-221.

Tumor suppressive miRNA: miR-7, 520, 375, 25,217.