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. 2015 Feb 10;3(2):e00118. doi: 10.1002/prp2.118

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© 2015 The Authors. Pharmacology Research & Perspectives published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd, British Pharmacological Society and American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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MPD incubation promotes intestinal crypt formation to up regulate the antimicrobial gene expression. Mouse small bowel intact crypts were isolated. Crypt-derived enteroids were cultured for 7 days, and then treated with MPD (1, 10, and 100 ng/mL) on day 2 for 5 days. (A and B) Number of crypt buds was counted daily in enteroids (n = 10). The results were expressed as a graph of crypt expansion showing the number of crypt buds versus time (A). One-way ANOVA is used to test for variance of two groups, *P < 0.05. Representative images were shown (B). (C) RNA was extracted and the levels of RegIIIγ mRNA were quantified by qPCR. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM, n = 10 buds each group, **P < 0.01 versus controls.