Table 1. Characteristics of patients at baseline.
| Overall | Men | Women | |
|---|---|---|---|
| n | 470 | 296 | 174 |
| Age (y) | 64.2 (11.1) | 63.5 (11.2) | 65.5 (10.9) |
| Duration of diabetes (y) | 12.2 (8.9) | 12.1 (9.5) | 12.3 (7.9) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.4 (4.3) | 24.1 (4.1) | 24.8 (4.6) |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 130.8 (17.4) | 130.5 (16.8) | 131.2 (18.4) |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.4 (11.2) | 75.5 (10.3) | 72.9 (11.4)* |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 137.9 (13.8) | 143.1 (12.3) | 129.1 (11.6)* |
| Anemia (%) | 16.0 | 11.1 | 24.1* |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) | 7.2 (1.3) | 7.2 (1.4) | 7.2 (1.3) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.8 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.8) | 4.8 (0.8) |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.6 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.1) | 1.5 (0.9) |
| Uric acid (μmol/L) | 309.3 (83.3) | 327.1 (83.3) | 279.6 (77.3)* |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 67.2 (16.8) | 73.4 (15.0) | 56.6 (15.0)* |
| Estimated GFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 76.1 (19.3) | 76.2 (19.3) | 76.0 (19.2) |
| Smoking (%) (never/previous/current) | 58.5/23.0/18.5 | 40.2/33.8/26.0 | 89.7/4.6/5.7* |
| UACR (mg/g creatinine) at baseline | 12.1 (7.5) | 12.0 (7.5) | 12.4 (7.5) |
| UACR (mg/g creatinine) after 3 years | 21.0 (33.0) | 19.7 (32.9) | 23.2 (33.2) |
| Development of albuminuria (%) | 17.9 | 14.9 | 23.0* |
| History of cardiovascular disease (%) | 16.2 | 17.6 | 13.8 |
| Antidiabetic treatment (%) | |||
| Diet only | 8.5 | 8.4 | 8.6 |
| Oral hypoglycemic agent | 80.0 | 80.7 | 78.7 |
| Insulin | 29.5 | 22.0 | 35.6* |
| Hypertension (%) | 63.4 | 61.3 | 66.7 |
| Antihypertensive drugs (%) | |||
| Calcium channel blockers | 26.2 | 22.3 | 32.2* |
| Rennin-angiotensin system inhibitors | 38.5 | 35.1 | 44.3* |
| Others | 17.7 | 15.5 | 21.3 |
| Statin (%) | 51.1 | 44.4 | 62.1* |
Data are expressed as mean (SD) or percent of patients. UACR, urinary albumin-creatinine ratio; GFR, glomerular filtration rate;
* P < 0.05 vs men