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. 2015 May 29;10(5):e0128287. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128287

Table 3. Associations between meditation practice, demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors, and work engagement: Results from the hierarchical regression analysis (740 males and 730 females).

Variables Pearson R Standardized coefficient (β)
Crude Step 1 Step 2 Step 3
1 Meditation practice
 Frequency of practice a 0.112 *** 0.112 *** 0.106 *** 0.086 ***
2 Demographic characteristics
 Gender b 0.004 0.032 0.044
 Age (years) 0.086 *** 0.070 ** 0.075 **
 Education c 0.114 *** 0.078 ** 0.084 **
 Household income d 0.163 *** 0.119 *** 0.115 ***
 Marital status e 0.081 ** 0.024 0.020
 Stress responses -0.103 *** -0.081 ** -0.068 *
3 Behavioral risk factors
 Body mass index -0.026 -0.009
 Physical activity at work f 0.046 0.076 **
 Physical activity at leisure time g 0.158 *** 0.101 ***
 Sleep hours 0.025 0.025
 Sleep sufficiency h 0.061 * 0.011
R 2 0.013 0.056 0.074
Adjusted R 2 0.012 0.052 0.067
Δ R 2 0.013 *** 0.044 *** 0.018 ***

*: P < 0.05,

**: P < 0.01,

***: P < 0.001.

a Not currently practicing = 1, Less than one day in two weeks = 2, Once a week or more = 3, Daily or more = 4.

b Male = 1, Female = 2.

c Elementary school/junior high school = 1, High school/vocational school = 2, Junior college/technical college = 3, University = 4, Graduate school = 5.

d Less than 2 million = 1, 2–5 million = 2, 5–7 million = 3, 7–10 million = 4, 10–15 million = 5, More than 15 million = 6 (JPY).

e Never married/Divorced/Widowed = 1, Married/Common-law marriage = 2.

f Very light = 1, Light = 2, Moderate = 3, Heavy = 4.

g Very light = 1, Light = 2, Moderate = 3, Active = 4, Very active = 5.

h Very insufficient = 1, Insufficient = 2, Sufficient = 3, Very sufficient = 4.