Fig 6. Dose-response of cytokine secretion by PBMCs to CpG, and anti-leishmanial- CpG combinations.

Cells from 10 patients were infected at a parasite: monocyte ratio of 10:1. Cytokine levels (IL-10, IL-13, TNF-α, IFN-γ) were determined after exposure for 96 h to different concentrations of CpG (A) alone, combined with (B) 8 μg Sb^V/ml meglumine antimoniate or (C) 4 μM miltefosine. Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01.