Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 4.
Published in final edited form as: JAMA Pediatr. 2015 May 4;169(5):e150781. doi: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.0781

Table 1.

Characteristics of California Fifth-Grade Public School Students Overall and by Tertile of School Neighborhood Income and Educational Attainmenta

Characteristic Fifth-Grade Students, 2001–2010, %
Overall (N = 3 175 781) School Neighborhood Incomeb
School Neighborhood Educationc
Lowest (n = 1 124 332; 35.4%) Middle (n = 1 016 919; 32.0%) Highest (n = 1 034 530; 32.6%) Lowest (n = 1 235 135; 38.9%) Middle (n = 994 403; 31.3%) Highest (n = 946 243; 29.8%)
Race/ethnicity
 White 33.1 13.8 28.8 58.4 10.2 33.9 62.3
 Hispanic 56.7 77.6 63.1 27.7 82.6 56.8 22.7
 Black 4.7 6.1 4.9 2.9 5.4 5.4 2.9
 Asian 5.5 2.5 3.2 11.0 1.8 3.8 12.1
Sex
 Male 51.1 50.7 51.2 51.5 50.7 51.2 51.5
 Female 48.9 49.3 48.8 48.5 49.3 48.8 48.5
Age, y
 10 53.7 53.7 53.6 53.9 53.7 53.6 53.9
 11 43.3 42.4 43.4 44.4 42.4 43.4 44.4
 12 3.0 3.9 3.0 1.7 3.9 3.0 1.7
Physical fitnessd
 Unfit 31.7 37.3 33.8 23.6 37.5 33.7 22.1
 Fit 36.5 35.6 36.3 37.8 36.0 36.5 37.2
 Super fit 17.7 14.6 15.9 22.8 14.8 15.8 23.4
 Missing 14.1 12.5 14.0 15.8 11.6 14.0 17.3
Overweight/obesee
 2001 43.5 49.7 45.3 35.0 50.5 44.2 33.8
 2002 44.1 50.0 46.1 35.7 50.7 45.1 34.4
 2003 45.1 51.3 46.9 36.5 52.0 45.9 35.2
 2004 45.3 51.6 47.3 36.3 52.4 46.0 35.1
 2005 46.6 52.9 48.8 37.1 53.8 47.4 35.8
 2006 46.2 52.7 48.6 36.5 53.3 47.4 35.2
 2007 45.9 52.8 48.3 36.1 53.2 47.5 34.6
 2008 46.0 52.7 48.5 36.5 53.6 47.4 34.8
 2009 45.9 52.8 48.4 36.3 53.7 47.0 34.8
 2010 45.8 52.8 48.3 36.2 53.7 47.0 34.8
a

Our analysis of data from the California Fitnessgram (2001–2010), California Department of Education.25

b

Neighborhood income is measured as annual median household income in the census tract where a school was located, and schools are grouped into income tertiles.

c

Neighborhood education is measured as the proportion of school census tract residents who were ages 25 years and older and had 16 or more years of education, and schools are grouped into education tertiles.

d

Physical fitness is defined as scoring within the Cooper Institute’s Fitnessgram healthy fitness zone according to performance on the 1-mile run or walk.

e

Overweight/obesity is defined as age- and sex-specific body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared) at or above the 85th percentile of the reference distribution.