Table 1. Baseline frequencies of candidate variables among injection drug users and univariate analyses of factors associated with final observed HIV status. ALIVE Study, Baltimore (1988-2008).
|
| |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline frequencies of candidate variables by final observed HIV status | Univariate analysis of factors associated with final observed HIV status | ||||||
|
| |||||||
| Did not Acquire HIV Infection (N=1699*) | Acquired HIV Infection (N=205*) | ||||||
|
| |||||||
| Variable | n (%) | n (%) | P value | Coefficients | OR | 95% CI | P-value |
|
| |||||||
| Age | <.0001 | <0.0001 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| <30 | 273 (16.1) | 58 (28.3) | 1.9 | 7.0 | 3.8-12.8 | ||
|
| |||||||
| 30-<40 | 767 (45.1) | 111 (54.2) | 1.3 | 3.6 | 2.1-6.0 | ||
|
| |||||||
| 40-<50 | 514 (30.3) | 31 (15.1) | 0.5 | 1.6 | 1.0-2.8 | ||
|
| |||||||
| >= 50 (REF) | 145 (8.5) | 5 (2.4) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Education | 0.2 | 0.2 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| <Grade School | 44 (2.6) | 5 (2.4) | 0.2 | 1.2 | 0.4-3.3 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Grade School | 89 (5.2) | 14 (6.8) | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.7-3.0 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Some HS | 803 (47.3) | 112 (54.6) | 0.4 | 1.5 | 0.9-2.3 | ||
|
| |||||||
| HS/GED | 529 (31.2) | 52 (25.4) | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.6-1.7 | ||
|
| |||||||
| At least Some college (REF) | 233 (13.7) | 22 (10.7) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Homeless | 0.5 | 0.02 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 321 (24.5) | 35 (27.1) | 0.5 | 1.7 | 1.2-2.4 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No (REF) | 992 (75.6) | 94 (72.9) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Injected Heroin | 0.07 | <0.0001 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 1274 (75.7) | 142 (70.0) | 0.7 | 2.0 | 1.5-2.6 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No (REF) | 408 (24.3) | 61 (30.1) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Injected Cocaine | |||||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 1216 (72.3) | 171 (84.2) | 1.3 | 3.7 | 2.7-5.0 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No (REF) | 467 (27.8) | 32 (15.8) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Shared cooker | 0.08 | <0.0001 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 988 (58.4) | 131 (64.9) | 0.9 | 2.4 | 1.8-3.1 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No (REF) | 704 (41.6) | 71 (35.2) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Shared needles | 0.5 | <0.0001 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 807 (47.7) | 101 (50.0) | 0.7 | 2.0 | 1.5-2.6 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No (REF) | 884 (52.3) | 101 (50.0) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Used shooting gallery | 0.6 | 0.01 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 272 (16.1) | 36 (17.7) | 0.7 | 2.0 | 1.3-3.1 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No (REF) | 1416 (83.9) | 167 (82.3) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Methadone maintenance | 0.0006 | <0.0001 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes (REF) | 203 (12.0) | 8 (3.9) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| No | 1492 (88.0) | 195 (96.1) | 1.5 | 4.5 | 2.3-9.2 | ||
|
| |||||||
| Any sexually transmitted disease† | 0.003 | 0.05 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 72 (4.4) | 18 (9.2) | 0.9 | 2.4 | 1.3-4.3 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No (REF) | 1582 (95.7) | 177 (90.8) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| MSM | 0.07 | 0.1 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 28 (1.7) | 7 (3.5) | 1.0 | 2.8 | 1.1-7.2 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No(REF) | 1666 (98.4) | 196 (96.6) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Sex with an IDU | 0.5 | 0.009 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| Yes | 691 (41.5) | 89 (44.1) | 0.4 | 1.5 | 1.1-2.0 | ||
|
| |||||||
| No (REF) | 974 (58.5) | 113 (55.9) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Number of heterosexual sex partners | 0.3 | 0.06 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| 0-1 | 983 (58.3) | 111 (54.7) | -0.5 | 0.6 | 0.4-0.9 | ||
|
| |||||||
| 2-4 | 504 (29.9) | 60 (29.6) | -0.2 | 0.8 | 0.5-1.3 | ||
|
| |||||||
| >=5 (REF) | 200 (11.9) | 32 (15.8) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| Composite Injection Score** | 0.7 | <0.0001 | |||||
|
| |||||||
| (REF) 0 | 267 (15.8) | 28 (13.8) | 0.0 | 1.0 | - | ||
|
| |||||||
| 1 | 156 (9.2) | 16 (7.9) | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.8-2.6 | ||
|
| |||||||
| 2 | 271 (16.0) | 33 (16.3) | 0.9 | 2.6 | 1.7-3.9 | ||
|
| |||||||
| 3 | 336 (19.9) | 35 (17.2) | 1.1 | 3.1 | 2.1-4.7 | ||
|
| |||||||
| 4 | 464 (27.4) | 61 (30.1) | 1.2 | 3.4 | 2.3-5.2 | ||
|
| |||||||
| 5 | 199 (11.8) | 30 (14.8) | 1.6 | 4.7 | 2.8-8.1 | ||
|
| |||||||
Note: Behaviors and STDs were reported for the prior 6 months
†
STDs included were self-reported gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, warts, ulcers and trichomonas.
*
For some variables, the total of those who did and did not acquire HIV infection did not sum to the total N of study participants because of missing values.
**
Composite Score combines Injected Cocaine, Injected Heroin, Shared Cooker, Shared Needles and Used Shooting Gallery.