Figure 4. Cdc42 modulates carrier formation by COPI.
a, Effect of active cdc42 on COPI tubule formation, with representative (out of 15) EM images shown (bar = 50 nm), and also quantitation shown (n = 4, mean +/− s.e.m., **P<0.01, two-tailed Student’s t-test), b, Effect of active cdc42 on COPI vesicle formation, n = 6, mean +/− s.e.m., **P<0.01 (two-tailed Student’s t-test), c,d, Effect of mutations in cdc42 on its ability to induce liposome tubulation, c, representative (out of 10) EM images (bar = 500 nm), d, quantitation (n = 5, mean +/− s.e.m., ***P<0.001, two-tailed Student’s t-test), e, Effect of mutations in cdc42 on its ability to induce COPI tubule formation, n = 4, mean +/− s.e.m., **P<0.01 (two-tailed Student’s t-test), f, Effect of mutations in cdc42 on its ability to promote the intra-Golgi transport of VSVG, n = 3, mean +/− s.e.m.