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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Compr Psychiatry. 2014 Oct 23;60:142–148. doi: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.10.012

Table 2.

Current daily smoking in 1994, and persistent daily smoking (in 1994 and 2005) and risk of depression onset and persistence in 2005, both compared to lifetime non-smoking.

Lifetime non-smokers (n = 518) Current daily smokers 1994 (n = 525) OR (95% CI) AORa (95% CI) AORb (95% CI) Persistent daily smokersc (n = 356) OR (95% CI) AORa (95% CI) AORb (95% CI)
MDD 2005 Only 6.1% (28) 11.2% (46) 1.9 (1.2, 3.2) 2.2 (1.4, 3.7) 1.8 (1.1, 3.1) 13.5% (38) 2.4 (1.4, 4.0) 2.8 (1.6, 4.7) 2.3 (1.3, 4.0)
MDD 1994 + 2005 5.1% (23) 10.4% (42) 2.2 (1.3, 3.7) 2.6 (1.5, 4.5) 2.5 (1.4, 4.3) 10.9% (30) 2.3 (1.3, 4.0) 2.7 (1.5, 4.9) 2.6 (1.4, 4.8)

Bold = p < 0.05.

a

AOR=age and gender.

b

AOR=age, gender and alcohol/drug use problems at wave 1 (1994).

c

Smoking at both waves (1994 and 2005).