Table 3.
Former daily smoking (i.e., abstinence for more than 10 years) and risk of depression onset and persistence in 2005, compared to persistent daily smoking (1994 and 2005) and lifetime non-smoking.
| Former daily smokers “10+ years abstinence” (n = 532) | Persistent daily smokers (n = 356) | OR (95% CI) | AORa (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | Lifetime non-smokers (n = 518) | OR (95% CI) | AORa (95% CI) | AORb (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| MDD 2005 Only | 7.7% (36) | 13.5% (38) | 0.5 (0.3, 0.87) | 0.6(0.4, 1.06) | 0.7(0.4, 1.2) | 6.1% (28) | 1.3(0.8,2.1) | 1.8 (1.03, 3.0) | 1.7(0.98,2.9) |
| MDD 1994 + 2005 | 4.2% (19) | 10.9% (30) | 0.36 (0.2, 0.65) | 0.50 (0.26, 0.93) | 0.5 (0.26, 0.96) | 5.1% (23) | 0.8(0.4, 1.5) | 1.2(0.6,2.3) | 1.1 (0.6,2.2) |
Bold = p < 0.05.
a
AOR=age and gender.
b
AOR=age, gender and alcohol/drug use problems at wave 1 (1994).