Table 4.
Frequency of each non motor symptom in cases and controls
| Individual symptoms [n (%)] | Cases (n = 56) | Controls (n = 53) | Odds | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gastrointestinal complaints | ||||
| Dribbling of saliva during the daytime | 17 (30.4) | 25 (47.2) | 0.49 | 0.07000 |
| Loss or change in ability to taste or smell | 4 (7.1) | 4 (7.5) | 0.94 | 0.94000 |
| Difficulty swallowing food or drink | 8 (14.3) | 11 (20.7) | 0.64 | 0.37000 |
| Feeling of nausea/vomiting | 1 (1.8) | 6 (11.3) | 0.14 | 0.04000 |
| Constipation | 29 (51.7) | 38 (71.7) | 0.42 | 0.03000 |
| Bowel incontinence | 3 (5.4) | 6 (11.32) | 0.44 | 0.26000 |
| Incomplete bowel emptying | 11 (19.6) | 15 (28.30) | 0.62 | 0.29000 |
| Cardiovascular abnormalities | ||||
| Feeling light headed dizzy | 7 (12.5) | 28 (52.8) | 0.13 | < 0.00010 |
| Falling | 14 (25) | 12 (22.6) | 1.14 | 0.77000 |
| Urinary problems | ||||
| Urgency of micturition | 27 (48.2) | 20 (37.7) | 1.54 | 0.80000 |
| Getting up regularly for urine | 35 (62.5) | 44 (83.0) | 0.34 | 0.02000 |
| Cognitive impairment/apathy | ||||
| Memory problems | 14 (25.0) | 11 (20.7) | 1.27 | 0.60000 |
| Loss of interest | 10 (17.8) | 8 (15.1) | 1.22 | 0.70000 |
| Difficulty concentration | 7 (12.5) | 8 (15.1) | 0.80 | 0.69000 |
| Anxiety/depression | ||||
| Feeling sad | 16 (28.5) | 34 (64.1) | 0.22 | 0.00040 |
| Feeling anxious, frightened | 17 (30.3) | 14 (26.4) | 1.21 | 0.65000 |
| Hallucinations/delusions | ||||
| Seeing things-hallucinations | 10 (17.8) | 5 (9.4) | 2.08 | 0.30000 |
| Believing things-delusions | 3 (5.3) | 3 (5.6) | 0.94 | 0.70000 |
| Sexual disturbances | ||||
| Feeling less interested in sex | 25 (41.1) | 14 (26.42) | 1.94 | 0.11000 |
| Finding it difficult to perform sex | 26 (42.9) | 11 (20.75) | 2.86 | 0.01000 |
| Sleep | ||||
| Finding it difficult to stay awake | 6 (10.7) | 7 (13.2) | 0.75 | 0.90000 |
| Difficulty getting to sleep at night | 15 (26.7) | 29 (54.7) | 0.30 | 0.00500 |
| Vivid dreams | 12 (21.4) | 19 (35.8) | 0.49 | 0.100000 |
| Talking or moving in sleep | 11 (19.6) | 4 (7.5) | 2.99 | 0.07000 |
| Unpleasant sensation in legs | 5 (8.9) | 8 (15.1) | 0.55 | 0.32000 |
| Miscellaneous/ others | ||||
| Unexplained pains | 18 (32.1) | 41 (77.3) | 0.13 | < 0.00010 |
| Change in weight | 9 (16.1) | 7 (13.2) | 1.25 | 0.67000 |
| Swelling of legs | 9 (16.1) | 3 (5.6) | 3.19 | 0.08000 |
| Excessive sweating | 9 (16.1) | 9 (17) | 0.94 | 0.90000 |
| Double vision | 4 (7.1) | 1 (1.9) | 4.00 | 0.19000 |