. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Jun 1.

Published in final edited form as: Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2015 Apr 9;44(2):203–231. doi: 10.1016/j.gtc.2015.02.001

Table 2.

Reported risk factors for Barrett’s Esophagus, with magnitudes of association represented as odds ratios (ORs)

Risk Factor	Study, yr	Total n	Study type	Comparison Group(s)	OR (95% CI)

Symptomatic GERD	Anderson, 2007²⁹	711	Case-control	Population controls, asymptomatic	12.0 (7.6, 18.8)
	Johansson 2007²⁸	764	Cross-sectional	Population controls, asymptomatic	10.7 (3.5, 33.4)
	Conio, 2002²⁷	457	Case-control	Healthy controls	5.8 (4.0, 8.4

Caucasian race	Ford, 2005²⁴	20,310	Cross-sectional	Afro-Caribbean race	12.2^a
	Ford, 2005²⁴	20,310	Cross-sectional	South Asian race	6.0 (3.6, 10.2)
	Abrams, 2008²⁵	2,100	Cross-sectional	Blacks	2.9^a
	Abrams, 2008²⁵	2,100	Cross-sectional	Hispanics	2.6^a

Male Gender	Ford, 2005²⁴	20,310	Cross-sectional	Female gender	2.7 (2.2, 3.4)
	Van Blankenstein, 2005²²	21,899	Cross-sectional	Female gender	2.1 (1.8, 2.6)
	Cook, 2005¹⁵⁹	18,765	Meta-analysis	Female gender	2.0 (1.8, 2.2)
	Abrams, 2008²⁵	2,100	Cross-sectional	Female gender	1.9 (1.2, 2.9)

Central adiposity^b	Edelstein, 2007⁴⁴	404	Case-control	Low WHR^c	2.4 (1.4, 3.9)
	Corley, 2007¹⁶⁰	636	Nested case-control	Abd circumference <80cm	2.2 (1.1, 3.7)
	Kubo, 2013 ⁴⁶	2502	Pooled analysis	Lowest quartile waist circum, males	2.2 (1.1–4.7)
				Lowest quartile waist circum, females	3.8 (1.5, 9.6)

Cigarette Smoking	Cook, 2012⁵³	3534	Pooled analysis	Population controls, nonsmokers	1.7 (1.0, 2.7)
	Steevens, 2010⁴⁹	120,852	Prospective cohort	Population controls, nonsmokers	1.3 (1.0, 1.8)
	Thrift, 2014⁵¹	1856	Case-control	Primary care controls, nonsmokers	0.8 (0.5, 1.3)
				Elective EGD controls, nonsmokers	1.1 (0.8–1.5)

Helicobacter Pylori	Corley, 2008⁵⁶	617	Case-control	Population controls	0.4 (0.3, 0.7)
	Wang, 2009⁵⁹	3529	Meta-analysis	Endoscopically normal controls	0.7 (0.4–1.4)
				Healthy blood donors	2.2 (1.1, 4.6)

Low birth weight	Forssell, 2013⁶²	1183	Case-control	Matched controls	8.2 (2.8, 23.9)

Obstructive Sleep Apnea	Leggett, 2014⁶⁴	188	Case-control	Randomly matched controls	1.8 (1.1, 3.2)

CI not available

Reported magnitude of risk of higher group category (high waist-to-hip ratio, high abdominal circumference)

waist-to-hip ratio

Data froms Refs 22,24,25,27–29,44,46,49,51,53,56,59,62,64,159,160.