Table 1.

List of questions and answers in the questionnaire

Question items	Response options
Demographic characteristics
Age	Age at last birthday (years)
Educational level	University graduate or higher. No = 0, Yes = 1
Employment status	Full-time = 0, part-time or unemployed = 1
Health status
Current illness	Father was asked whether he has any illness including psychiatric disorders.
Psychotropic drugs	Father was asked whether he takes any drugs for mental illness. Choices were as follows; antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents, mood-stabilizing agents, and sleeping pills
Psychological factors
Experience of mental problems	Father has experience of visiting a medical institution due to a mental health problem. No = 0, Yes = 1
Life events	Whether a family member or close friend died or suffered a serious injury or accident in the previous 1 year. No events = 0, one or more events = 1
Economic anxiety	Father has anxiety about the family budget. No = 0, Yes = 1
Pregnancy, childbirth, and engaging with the child
Timing of pregnancy	Pregnancy after marriage = 0, Pregnancy before marriage = 1
Planning of pregnancy	Unexpected pregnancy. No = 0, Yes = 1,
Conception method	Pregnancy with infertility treatment. No = 0, Yes = 1
Order of birth	Second child or more = 0, First child = 1
Number of children in this pregnancya	Single birth = 0, Multiple birth = 1
Gestational agea	Gestational week at delivery
Health status of childa	Child has a health problem. No = 0, Yes = 1
Living with partner	Partner staying at her parent’s house. Yes = 0, No = 1
Partner’s depression (EPDS)a	Ten items measuring symptoms of anxiety and depression in the last 7 days. 8 or Higher score indicate depression. No depression = 0, Depression = 1
Marital relationship satisfaction (QMI)	Six items measuring marital relationship satisfaction. Higher scores indicated higher relationship satisfaction.

^aData were collected from mothers using self-complete questionnaires