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. 2015 May 30;6(1):113. doi: 10.1186/s13287-015-0079-0

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© Hsiao et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Orbital fat-derived stem cells secreted stem cell factor and supported Leydig cells. (A) After orbital fat-derived stem cell (OFSC) injection, stem cell factor (SCF) was abundant in damaged testicular tissue. Human (h) immunoglobulin (IgG) and beta-2 microglobulin (β2M), two probes for human cells, were not detectable in (B) the sham operation group (Ctrl) and (C) the torsion–detorsion group (T/D). (D) Most hIgG-expressing and hβ2M-expressing cells could be detectable in the space between the seminiferous tubules. (E) Some of the human cells differentiated into P450-expressing cells and (F) very few human cells differentiated into sex determining region Y-box 9 (Sox-9)-positive cells. DAPI, 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole.