Table 3.
Relative antibody responses against P. falciparum antigens at delivery by treatment arm in Madang, PNG, adjusted for confounding and interaction variables
| Variables | IgG schizont extract | IgG PfRh2 | IgG MSP2 | IgG MSP3 | Opsonizing IgG E8B-ICAM | Opsonizing IgG CS2 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Coeff (95 % Cl) | p | Coeff (95 % Cl) | p | Coeff (95 % Cl) | p | Coeff (95 % Cl) | p | Coeff (95 % Cl) | p | Coeff (95 % Cl) | p | |
| Intervention arma | −3.0 (−13.4, 7.4) | 0.6 | −3.6 (−10.9, 3.7) | 0.3 | −7.4 (−17.9, 3.1) | 0.2 | 2.6 (−7.0, 12.2) | 0.6 | 1.0 (−14.2, 16.2) | −7.4 (−19.4, 4.5) | 0.2 | |
| Gravidity | ||||||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||||
| 2 | −2.0 (−8.3, 4.3) | 0.5 | −4.6 (−9.1, 0.2) | 0.06 | 1.0 (−5.44, 7.42) | 0.8 | −0.7 (−6.6, 5.1) | 0.8 | 50.3 (42.8, 57.9) | <0.0001 | 9.3 (2.5,16.1) | 0.007 |
| 3 | 1.6 (−4.5, 7.6) | 0.6 | −0.5 (−4.8, 3.8) | 0.8 | 1.9 (−4.3, 8.1) | 0.6 | 5.72 (−0.04, 11.4) | 0.06 | 32.8 (25.6, 40.1) | <0.0001 | 24.3 (17.9, 30.8) | <0.0001 |
| Overall bed net use | ||||||||||||
| No | ||||||||||||
| Intermittent | −1.8 (−6.0, 2.4) | 0.4 | −0.5 (−3.4, 2.5) | 0.8 | −1.6 (−5.9, 2.7) | 0.5 | 0.3 (−5.6, 10.5) | 0.9 | 1.2 (−3.8, 6.2) | 0.6 | −2.6 (−7.2, 1.9) | 0.3 |
| Regular | −13.0 (−45.2, 19.2) | 0.4 | −5.3 (−28.1, 17.6) | 0.7 | −12.0 (−45.0, 20.9) | 0.5 | −2.5 (−32.7, 27.6) | 0.9 | 25.4 (−13.1, 63.9) | 0.2 | −10.6 (−45.0, 23.8) | 0.6 |
| Residence | ||||||||||||
| Urban | ||||||||||||
| Peri-urban | 0.3 (−8.4, 8.8) | 0.9 | −1.3 (−7.1, 5.9) | 0.7 | 1.5 (−7.2, 10.2) | 0.7 | 2.0 (−5.9, 10.0) | 0.6 | 2.2 (−10.4, 14.9) | 0.4 | −1.9 (−11.8, 7.9) | 0.7 |
| Rural | 8.6 (1.2, 15.9) | 0.02 | 5.0 (−0.2, 10.0) | 0.06 | 8.5 (1.2, 16.0) | 0.02 | 8.5 (1.7, 15.2) | 0.01 | −4.1 (−14.8, 6.6) | 0.7 | −0.4 (−8.8, 8.0) | 0.9 |
| Migrant | 13.0 (−1.3, 27.3) | 0.07 | −0.1 (−10.1, 10.0) | 0.9 | 13.3 (−1.1, 27.7) | 0.07 | −1.1 (−14.3, 12.1) | 0.9 | 6.4 (−14.4, 27.3) | 0.5 | 2.7 (−13.7, 19.1) | 0.8 |
| Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
| Madang/Morobe | ||||||||||||
| Sepik | −4.7 (−11.0, 11.0) | 0.2 | 0.3 (−4.7, 5.2) | 0.9 | −5.4 (−12.6, 1.7) | 0.1 | 1.7 (−4.8, 8.2) | 0.6 | −1.6 (−11.9, 8.7) | 0.8 | 4.7 (−12.8, 3.4) | 0.2 |
| Highlands | −12.3 (−21.9, −2.6) | 0.01 | −0.5 (−7.2, 6.2) | 0.9 | −10.9 (−20.6, −1.2) | 0.03 | −1.0 (−9.9, 7.7) | 0.82 | −3.7 (−17.7, 10.4) | 0.8 | −6.4 (−17.4, 4.7) | 0.4 |
| Others | −4.4 (−13.9, 5.2) | 0.4 | −2.5 (−9.3, 4.2) | 0.5 | −7.5 (−17.0, 2.2) | 0.1 | 1.3 (−7.5, 10.1) | 0.8 | −2.4 (−16.5, 11.7) | 0.9 | −2.6 (13.5, 8.3) | 0.6 |
| SP-AZ-graviditya | ||||||||||||
| 1 | ||||||||||||
| 2 | −5.6 (−14.77, 3.56) | 0.2 | 7.1 (0.57, −13.56) | 0.1 | −6.5 (−15.90, 2.87) | 0.2 | −3.5 (−12.10, 5.06) | 0.4 | −6.5 (−17.48, 4.50) | 0.3 | −0.3 (−10.1, 9.5) | 1.0 |
| 3 | −5.5 (−14.3, 5.6) | 0.3 | 1.2 (−5.1, 7.5) | 0.7 | −7.6 (−16.7, 1.5) | 0.1 | −7.5 (−15.8, 0.8) | 0.08 | −5.6 (−16.2, 5.0) | 0.3 | 0.01 (−9.5, 9.5) | 1.0 |
| SP-AZ-residencea | ||||||||||||
| Urban | ||||||||||||
| Peri-urban | 5.0 (−7.7, 17.6) | 0.4 | 2.1 (−6.7, 11.0) | 0.6 | 2.9 (−9.9, 15.7) | 0.7 | −1.1 (−12.8, 10.6) | 0.9 | −8.2 (−26.8, 10.3) | 0.4 | 8.4 (−6.1, 23.0) | 0.3 |
| Rural | 2.7 (−8.2, 13.6) | 0.6 | 2.7 (−5.0, 10.3) | 0.5 | 7.5 (−3.5, 18.5) | 0.2 | −3.9 (−14.0, 6.1) | 0.4 | −2.8 (−18.7, 13.1) | 0.7 | 7.7 (−4.8, 2.2) | 0.2 |
| Migrant | 1.2 (−19.5, 21.9) | 0.9 | 7.2 (−7.3, 21.7) | 0.3 | −5.63 (−26.55, 15.29) | 0.6 | 3.7 (−15.43, 22.78) | 0.7 | −17.6 (−47.8, 12.6) | 0.3 | 0.5 (−23.3, 24.2) | 1.0 |
| SP-AZ-ethnicitya | ||||||||||||
| Madang/Morobe | ||||||||||||
| Sepik | 0.02 (−11.0, 11.00) | 1.0 | 1.9 (−5.9, 9.6) | 0.6 | 5.1 (−6.0, 16.2) | 0.4 | −4.6 (−14.7, 5.6) | 0.4 | −1.6 (−17.7, 14.4) | 0.8 | 11.5 (−1.1, 24.1) | 0.07 |
| Highlands | −1.0 (−16.0, 14.0) | 0.9 | −1.3 (−11.8, 9.2) | 0.8 | 1.6 (−13.6, 16.7) | 0.8 | −5.53 (−19.4, 8.3) | 0.4 | −2.8 (−24.7, 19.1) | 0.8 | 6.7 (−10.6, 23.9) | 0.5 |
| Others | 0.5 (−14.2, 13.1) | 0.9 | 3.3 (−6.3, 12.9) | 0.5 | 6.6 (−7.2, 20.5) | 0.4 | −3.6 (−16.2, 9.0) | 0.6 | −1.0 (−21.1, 19.2) | 0.9 | −3.6 (−19.3, 12.1) | 0.7 |
Data represented as coefficients and 95 % confidence interval (Multiple linear regression models), P-values are also shown
SP sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine, AZ azithromycin, against control group (SP-CQ), CQ chloroquine
aRefers to relative antibody responses in intervention group (SP-AZ). A positive coefficient implies an increase of antibody levels. A negative coefficient implies a decrease of antibody levels. Significant associations (p < 0.05) highlighted in bold