FIG. 5.

Targeting mitochondrial FA flux in diabetic heart failure. FA and lipoprotein uptake is facilitated by FA transporters such as CD36. Reducing the level of FAs in circulation with diet and exercise or inhibiting FA uptake into cardiomyocytes can reduce FA stress on the mitochondria. Other potential strategies to reduce mitochondrial oxidative overload include CPT1 inhibitors (etomoxir), electron transport chain (ETC) inhibitors/AMPK activators (metformin), or antioxidants (scavengers, resveratrol).