FIG. 10.

Macro-, micro-, and ultrastructural stability of tissues fabricated and self-released from PA templates. (a) Reattachment of biofabricated tissues after one (R1), two (R2), or three consecutive self-detachments (R3) to low-attachment plates with or without (uncoated) _mfPA:_dPA. Self-released tissues were punch-sampled and reconditioned in RA-supplemented SFM before being transferred for reattachment (Fig. 6a). Scale bars, 3 mm. (b) Live and dead hCSFs integrating the self-released tissues imaged by fluorescence microscopy using calcein (green)/propidium iodide (red) cell staining (Scale bars, 20 μm), and (c) corresponding cell viability was calculated for R1, R2, and R3 tissue constructs. Data are expressed as average±SD of three independent experiments (n=3); ** corresponded to p<0.01. (d) Ultrastructure of R1 was observed by transmission electron microscopy, evidencing the multilayered organization of the tissue (upper panel), with intercalating layers of hCSFs and deposited ECM comprising densely packed collagen fibrils (lower panels). Scale bars, 500 nm (upper), 100 nm (lower panels). Color images available online at www.liebertpub.com/tea