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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 May 30.
Published in final edited form as: J Alzheimers Dis. 2014;39(3):583–600. doi: 10.3233/JAD-131589

Figure 8.

Figure 8

In-vitro analysis of Aβ WT and mutant peptide aggregates using Western blot, electron microscopy, and cell-based assays. (A) TEM evaluation at 1, 10, and 50 μM further confirmed these findings since only Aβ WT formed protofibrils and fibrils, while the mutants remained as small oligomeric peptides. (B) The toxicity of the Aβ peptides was evaluated using adult rat hippocampal neural stem cells at 1, 10, and 50 μM and indicated that while Mutant 2 was not toxic at any concentration, Mutant 1 had a clear increase in toxicity with increasing dose. WT Aβ was toxic at both 10 and 50 μM concentrations. (C) Changes in intracellular calcium concentrations were evaluated using the calcein assay. Cells were treated with Aβ WT and mutant peptides (1, 10, and 50 μM). WT Aβ altered the endogenous calcium levels, as did Mutant 1, which had a significant dose-dependent effect. On the other hand, Mutant 2 did not affect intracellular calcium concentrations. ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett’s or Tukey-Kramer tests. *p < 0.05; #p < 0.01.