Monocytes, isolated from healthy individuals, were transduced with JFH-1T for 48 h, and then treated with levo-1-methyl tryptophan (L-1-mT) or left untreated for 5 days. Sequential gating strategy for analysis of NS5A+ and then indolamine2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1)+ cells in (a) HCV JFH-1T-infected and (b) JFH-1T-infected L-1-mT-treated monocytes. The percentage of NS5A (c) and IDO-1 (d)-positive cells in control monocytes, JFH-1T-infected monocytes and JFH-1T-infected L-1-mT-treated monocytes was enumerated by flow cytometry. Results are shown as median values and interquartile range. Significant difference is shown as **P <0·01.