Table 1.
Characteristics of HIV-1-infected mothers and their HIV-1-uninfected-infants with a valid enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, by treatment arm
| ZDV/NVP (n = 23) | HAART (n = 24) | P-value* | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Median (IQR) or n (%) | n | Median (IQR) or n (%) | ||
| Maternal characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 23 | 24 (20–30) | 24 | 26 (25–30) | 0·20 |
| CD4 cell count (cells/μl) at 32 weeks gestation | 23 | 333 (295–430) | 24 | 318 (264–421) | 0·57 |
| Plasma HIV-1 RNA level (log10 copies/ml) at | |||||
| 32 weeks gestation | 20 | 4·57 (4·21–5·31) | 23 | 4·81 (4·43–5·03) | 0·79 |
| Delivery | 13 | 4·05 (3·83–4·47) | 21 | 2·45 (2·00–2·75) | 0·0001 |
| Month 1 postpartum | 21 | 4·75 (4·09–5·45) | 24 | 2·45 (2·00–2·95) | <0·0001 |
| Month 3 postpartum | 21 | 4·88 (4·03–5·10) | 22 | 2·00 (2·00–2·54) | <0·0001 |
| Month 6 postpartum | 19 | 4·55 (3·80–5·02) | 21 | 2·00 (2·00–3·72) | 0·0004 |
| Month 9 postpartum | 13 | 4·66 (3·98–5·32) | 11 | 4·86 (4·02–5·28) | 0·84 |
| Month 12 postpartum | 8 | 5·27 (4·83–5·71) | 8 | 4·72 (4·18–5·24) | 0·14 |
| Breastmilk cell-free HIV-1 RNA detected at | |||||
| Delivery | 15 | 10 (67%) | 17 | 6 (35%) | 0·16 |
| Month 1 postpartum | 22 | 18 (82%) | 24 | 7 (29%) | <0·001 |
| Month 3 postpartum | 14 | 5 (36%) | 20 | 4 (20%) | 0·44 |
| Month 6 postpartum | 2 | 2 (100%) | 18 | 8 (44%) | 0·47 |
| Breastmilk HIV-1 DNA level (log10 copies/ml) at | |||||
| Delivery | 12 | 1·68 (1·37–2·15) | 12 | 1·76 (1·48–2·18) | 0·60 |
| Month 1 postpartum | 16 | 2·53 (1·98–2·78) | 17 | 2·27 (2·08–2·51) | 0·47 |
| Month 3 postpartum | 14 | 2·68 (2·23–3·06) | 13 | 2·25 (1·98–2·70) | 0·33 |
| Month 6 postpartum | 0 | – | 1 | 2·00 | – |
| Infant characteristics | |||||
| Follow-up time (days) | 23 | 364 (274–368) | 24 | 365 (277–368) | 0·69 |
| Number of assays† | 23 | 3 (2–5) | 24 | 4 (3–5) | 0·59 |
| Breastfeeding duration (days) | 23 | 179 (91–184) | 23 | 182 (155–185) | 0·36 |
Bold type indicates P ≤ 0·05.
*
By Mann–Whitney U-test.
†
Of a possible five time-points, reasons for not testing include missed visit or insufficient blood collection. IQR = interquartile range; n = number of individuals for whom data were available; ZDV/NVP = zidovudine/nevirapine; HAART = highly active anti-retroviral therapy.