Fig 6.

Citrate increases histone lysine acetylation at inflammatory gene promoters. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed in a human acute monocytic leukaemia cell line (THP-1) with antibodies against histone H3K9ac, H4K8ac and H4K12ac following preincubation with citrate (1 mM) or tricarballylic acid (TCA) (1·5 mM) in supplemental calcium medium (1·4 mM). The efficiency of the experimental ChIP for the specified genomic locus was calculated from quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data as a percentage of starting material with the same primer set (% input) and then normalized to control conditions. (a) Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α. (b) Interleukin (IL)-8. Error bars represent standard deviation calculated from at least three separate experiments. (*P<0·01, n.s. = not significant).