. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Dec 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Mol Endocrinol. 2015 Apr 27;54(3):263–275. doi: 10.1530/JME-15-0048

Table 1.

Maternal and fetal phenotype at necropsy on day 89 and 130 of gestation in relation to maternal nutrition (n=7/group)

Stage of Gestation	Day 89		Day 130		P value^α
Maternal Nutrition	Control	UN	Control	UN	Stage	Nutrition	Interaction
Maternal
Change in adiposity^§	0±0^a	−0.4±0.05^b	0±0^a	−0.7±0.06^c	0.001	0.000	0.001
Liveweight, Kg^¥	46.4±0.67^a	42.3±1.12^b	49.6±0.58^a	41.3±0.93^b	0.236	0.000	0.024
Carcass weight, Kg	23.4±0.48^a	20.5±0.71^b	24.8±0.60^a	18.9±0.53^b	0.769	0.000	0.019
Plasma glucose, μmol/l	3.18±0.125^a	2.99±0.055^ab	3.29±0.098^a	2.75 ±0.062^b	0.484	0.000	0.057
Plasma insulin, ng/ml	0.69±0.058^a	0.53±0.031^ab	0.75±0.090^a	0.39±0.046^b	0.481	0.000	0.127
Plasma NEFA, mmol/ml	0.30±0.077^a	0.26±0.039^a	0.38±0.051^ab	0.76±0.187^b	0.012	0.129	0.063
Fetal
Weight, g	657±30^a	597±43^a	4274±84^b	3555±152^c	0.000	0.000	0.002
Total placentome weight, g	665±75^a	607±28^ab	480±28^b	469±39^b	0.002	0.595	0.751
Brain: liver ratio	0.314±0.017^a	0.359±0.020^ab	0.313±0.025^a	0.441±0.031^b	0.107	0.003	0.101
Plasma glucose, μmol/l	0.49±0.038^a	0.47±0.055^a	0.39±0.076^ab	0.22±0.030^b	0.004	0.076	0.150
Plasma insulin, ng/ml	0.44±0.022	0.44±0.019	0.47±0.083	0.29±0.038	0.215	0.076	0.086
Perirenal fat weight, g	2.1±0.29^a	1.45±0.33^a	27.4±1.11^b	19.5±1.01^c	0.000	0.000	0.000
Perirenal fat, g/kg fetus	3.3±0.52^a	2.3±0.34^a	6.4±0.23^b	5.5±0.33^b	0.000	0.019	0.890

Values are group mean ± sem.

^α

Post-hoc comparisons (Tukey’s Method) used to further differentiate between four groups thus within rows values with a different superscript letter differ at P<0.05.

^§

Change in external adiposity score from embryo transfer to necropsy

^¥

Liveweight minus weight of gravid uterus at necropsy. UN, undernourished; NEFA, non-esterified fatty acids