Table 2.
Characteristics, frequency, and severity of bothersome tics at baseline (N = 240) and severity ratings at posttreatment (N = 207)
| Tic Symptom Type | Frequency Tic Typea |
# of Participants Endorsing Tic Typea |
Baseline Urge Presentb |
Baseline HM/VTS Rating |
Posttreatment HM/VTS Rating |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Motor Tics | n | n (%) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
| Eye blinking | 98 | 96 (40%) | 39 (40%) | 2.02 (0.99) | 1.19 (1.08) |
| Head jerk/nod movements | 95 | 90 (38%) | 47 (49%) | 2.46 (1.03) | 1.41 (0.95) |
| Shoulder shrugs/movements | 64 | 64 (27%) | 36 (56%) | 1.95 (0.97) | 1.09 (0.95) |
| Mouth/tongue movements | 67 | 61 (25%) | 31 (46%) | 1.77 (0.89) | 0.93 (1.02) |
| Hand movements | 64 | 59 (25%) | 37 (58%) | 1.98 (1.02) | 1.17 (0.98) |
| Other complex motor combinations | 71 | 56 (23%) | 40 (56%) | 2.46 (1.08) | 1.03 (1.16) |
| Eye movements | 57 | 57 (24%) | 20 (35%) | 1.93 (0.95) | 0.85 (1.05) |
| Facial grimace | 52 | 52 (22%) | 26 (50%) | 2.00 (0.99) | 1.10 (0.93) |
| Arm movements | 51 | 49 (20%) | 31 (61%) | 1.94 (0.99) | 0.86 (0.95) |
| Chest/stomach tensing | 46 | 45 (19%) | 28 (61%) | 2.32 (1.18) | 0.81 (0.95) |
| Nose twitches/movements | 42 | 42 (18%) | 22 (52%) | 1.74 (1.06) | 0.91 (0.98) |
| Other motor tics | 36 | 33 (14%) | 23 (64%) | 2.11 (1.06) | 1.06 (1.16) |
| Neck stretches/movements | 34 | 33 (14%) | 24 (71%) | 1.97 (1.00) | 1.41 (0.95) |
| Foot movements | 30 | 30 (13%) | 14 (47%) | 2.10 (1.09) | 1.00 (1.24) |
| Complex head/shoulder/neck tics | 27 | 26 (11%) | 14 (52%) | 2.33 (1.18) | 1.44 (1.36) |
| Hand to face tics | 26 | 23 (10%) | 13 (50%) | 2.35 (1.13) | 1.00 (0.82) |
| Full body tic | 24 | 23 (10%) | 19 (79%) | 2.61 (1.03) | 1.65 (1.23) |
| Torso rotation/twisting/bending | 24 | 21 (9%) | 19 (79%) | 2.29 (0.91) | 1.00 (1.05) |
| Jaw movements | 18 | 18 (8%) | 10 (56%) | 2.06 (0.66) | 1.17 (1.11) |
| Leg tense | 17 | 17 (7%) | 10 (59%) | 1.82 (0.81) | 1.08 (0.73) |
| Leg kick | 14 | 14 (6%) | 8 (57%) | 2.07 (1.21) | 0.86 (1.10) |
| Pelvic tensing/movements | 13 | 13 (5%) | 9 (69%) | 2.00 (0.71) | 1.08 (1.16) |
| Object specific tics | 10 | 9 (4%) | 7 (70%) | 2.1 (0.99) | 0.60 (0.70) |
| Arm/hand movements | 7 | 7 (3%) | 3 (43%) | 2.14 (0.90) | 1.17 (0.75) |
| Complex arm and leg movements | 7 | 7 (3%) | 2 (29%) | 2.43 (0.98) | 1.29 (1.25) |
| Copropraxia | 5 | 5 (2%) | 0 (0%) | 2.60 (0.89) | 0.50 (0.71) |
| Vocal Tics | n | n (%) | n (%) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sniffing | 75 | 75 (31%) | 32 (43%) | 1.64 (1.01) | 0.94 (1.01) |
| Throat clearing | 74 | 72 (30%) | 36 (49%) | 1.78 (1.05) | 1.11 (1.27) |
| Animal noises | 50 | 44 (18%) | 22 (44%) | 2.10 (1.07) | 0.96 (1.06) |
| Coughing | 42 | 42 (18%) | 19 (45%) | 1.98 (0.92) | 0.79 (0.99) |
| Grunting | 41 | 41 (17%) | 21 (51%) | 1.95 (0.90) | 0.91 (1.00) |
| Atypical breathing | 36 | 33 (14%) | 15 (42%) | 1.89 (0.82) | 0.70 (0.99) |
| Blocking/stuttering/pallialia | 26 | 26 (11%) | 13 (50%) | 1.96 (0.93) | 0.86 (0.99) |
| Syllables | 25 | 23 (10%) | 8 (32%) | 1.75 (0.91) | 0.89 (0.96) |
| Humming | 21 | 21 (9%) | 7 (33%) | 2.05 (1.02) | 1.05 (1.12) |
| Snorting | 18 | 18 (8%) | 9 (50%) | 1.72 (1.23) | 1.00 (1.21) |
| Other vocal tics | 17 | 17 (7%) | 9 (53%) | 2.35 (1.06) | 1.07 (1.03) |
| Speech atypicalities | 17 | 16 (7%) | 6 (35%) | 1.63 (1.02) | 1.00 (1.41) |
| Coprolalia | 14 | 12 (5%) | 10 (71%) | 3.00 (1.08) | 2.20 (1.69) |
| Echolalia | 14 | 14 (6%) | 7 (50%) | 2.07 (1.07) | 0.83 (0.94) |
| Mouth noises | 13 | 11 (5%) | 5 (38%) | 1.77 (0.83) | 0.82 (1.17) |
| Whistling | 8 | 7 (3%) | 4 (50%) | 2.25 (1.39) | 0.88 (0.64) |
| Words | 8 | 8 (3%) | 2 (25%) | 1.75 (0.71) | 0.71 (0.95) |
| Gulping/gargling/swallowing/burping | 7 | 7 (3%) | 3 (43%) | 1.86 (0.69) | 0.57 (0.53) |
| Phrases | 6 | 6 (3%) | 3 (50%) | 1.80 (0.84) | 1.40 (1.67) |
| Hiccup | 5 | 5 (2%) | 2 (40%) | 1.40 (1.14) | 1.00 (1.00) |
| Other musical tics | 2 | 2 (1%) | 1 (50%) | 1.50 (0.71) | 1.00 (1.41) |
| Other complex vocal tics | 1 | 1 (<1%) | 1 (100%) | 2.00 (-----) | ----- (------) |
a
Participants could endorse multiple bothersome tics with the same tic type.
b
Percentage based on the total frequency of bothersome tics endorsed (not number of participants endorsing the tic).