Table 1.

Examples of recombinant proteins produced in plants by agroinfiltration.

Plant host	Vector	Biologic target	Development stage	References
N. benthamiana	Nonviral vector	Influenza A H5N1 HA VLP vaccine	Phase I/II human trial	[38, 39]
N. benthamiana	TMV	NHL personalized vaccine	Phase I human trial	[37, 40]
N. benthamiana	CPMV	BTV 4-component VLP vaccine	Preclinical	[30]
N. benthamiana (WT, ΔXF)	TMV/PVX	Tetravalent antibody WNV therapeutic	Preclinical	[28, 41]
N. benthamiana	TMV	Cellulases for ethanol production	Early development	[1, 42]
N. benthamiana	TMV/PVX	Ebola immune complex-based vaccine	Preclinical	[27, 43]
N. benthamiana	TMV, BeYDV, CPMV	HBcAg nonenveloped VLP vaccine	Preclinical	[19, 44]
Lettuce, N. benthamiana	TMV/PVX, BeYDV	Ebola therapeutics based on MAb	Preclinical	[18, 32, 34, 45]
Lettuce, N. benthamiana	TMV, BeYDV	Norovirus NVCP VLP vaccine	Preclinical	[19, 34, 46]
Lettuce, N. benthamiana	TMV/PVX, BeYDV	WNV therapeutics based on MAb	Preclinical	[17, 28, 34]
Lettuce, N. benthamiana (WT, ΔXF)	TMV, BeYDV	WNV DIII vaccine	Preclinical	[31, 34, 47]

HA: hemagglutinin; VLP: virus-like particle; NHL: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; BTV: bluetongue virus; WT: wild-type; ΔXF: plants with double knockdown of β-1,2-xylose and core α-1,3-fucose; WNV: West Nile virus; HBcAg: hepatitis B core antigen; MAb: monoclonal antibody; NVCP: Norwalk virus capsid protein; DIII: domain III of envelope protein.