Table 3.
Inhibition of the platelet granules secretions of natural products.
| Natural products | Experimental models | Possible mechanisms | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crocetin of Saffron | Rat blood (ex vivo); agonist: ADP |
Inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization via reducing both intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx as well as 5-HT secretion | [122] |
|
| |||
| Aqueous extract of Soshiho-tang | Rat blood (in vitro); agonist: collagen, THR and AA |
Inhibition of 5-HT and TXA2 formation | [123] |
|
| |||
| Geiji-Bokryung-Hwan (Cinnamomi Ramulus, Poria Cocos, Mountan Cortex Radicis, Paeoniae Radix, and Persicae Semen) | Human blood (in vitro); agonist: THR and CRP |
Inhibition of IP3-mediated Ca2+ mobilization | [124] |
|
| |||
| 20% ethanol extract of black soybean | Human blood (in vitro); agonist: collagen |
Attenuating 5-HT secretion and P-selectin expression, and inhibiting TXA2 formation | [125] |
|
| |||
| Magnolol of magnolia bark | Rabbit blood (in vitro); agonist: collagen |
Inhibition of 5-HT secretion | [126] |
|
| |||
| Ligustrazine ferulate of Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong | Rat blood (ex vivo); agonist: THR |
Reduction of the expression of platelet P-selectin as well as suppression of platelet adhesion to neutrophil | [127] |
|
| |||
| Dihydroxybenzyl alcohol of Gastrodia elata Blume. | Rabbit blood (in vitro); agonist: AA |
Inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization via reducing both intracellular Ca2+ release and extracellular Ca2+ influx | [128] |
|
| |||
| Rhynchophylline | Rabbit blood (in vitro); agonist: ADP and THR |
Inhibition of Ca2+ mobilization via extracellular Ca2+influx rather than intracellular Ca2+ release | [129] |
|
| |||
| Salvianolic acid B of Salvia miltiorrhiza | Human blood (in vitro); agonist: ADP and THR |
Inhibition of P-selectin and CD40L releasing | [130] |
|
| |||
| Guanosine of Solanum lycopersicum | Human blood (in vitro) agonist: ADP and collagen |
Inhibition of CD40L and ATP secretion | [131] |
|
| |||
| Curdione of Rhizoma Curcumae | Human blood (in vitro) agonist: THR, PAF, ADP and AA |
Inhibition of P-selectin expression, intracellular Ca2+mobilization and increasing the cAMP levels in PAF-activated platelets | [132] |
ADP: adenosine diphosphate; THR: thrombin; AA: arachidonic acid; CRP: collagen-related peptide; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine; IP3: inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate; TXA2: thromboxane A2.