Table 2.
Characteristics of the Participants Based on Paraseptal Emphysema Status
| Characteristic | No PSE (N=2333) |
Mixed PSE (N=214) |
Pure PSE (N=86) |
P Value*1 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All three groups |
Pure PSE vs. No PSE |
||||
| Age — year | 58.6 ± 12.0 | 64.3 ± 11.6 | 63.9 ± 10.8 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Female sex — no. (%) | 1205 (52) | 95 (44) | 25 (29) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Body-mass index*2 | 28.6 ± 5.5 (N=2321) |
27.6 ± 4.5 (N=213) |
28.4 ± 4.6 (N=85) |
0.01 | 0.41 |
| Smoking status —no. (%) | |||||
| Never | 1235 (53) | 25 (12) | 2 (2) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Former | 988 (43) | 142 (67) | 54 (64) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Current | 88 (4) (N=2311) |
45 (21) (N=212) |
29 (34) (N=85) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
| Pack-year | 15.0 ± 12.4 (N=995) |
33.7 ± 23.3 (N=183) |
36.0 ± 21.1 (N=80) |
<0.001 | <0.001 |
| Respiratory symptoms — no. (%)*3 | |||||
| Chronic cough | 141 (6) | 20 (9) | 15 (17) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Shortness of breath with minor exertion | 234 (10) | 38 (18) | 19 (22) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Plus-minus values are mean ± standard deviation.
PSE: paraseptal emphysema
*1
P values for the comparison among all three groups and for the comparison between participants with and without pure paraseptal emphysema were calculated with the use of linear mixed effect models to account for familial relationships in the Framingham Heart Study, as described previously [21].
*2
The body-mass index is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
*3
The P values for respiratory symptoms were adjusted by age, smoking status (current, former or never) and pack-years.