Table 4.
Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and gastritis scores in patients with gastritis in three countries.
| Bhutan | Vietnam | Myanmar | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 161 | 76 | 66 | |||
| Mean age | 36.8 ± 13.4* † | 44.1 ± 12.7 | 40.1 ± 11.7** | |||
| Male | 66 | (41.0%) | 30 | (39.5%) | 27 | (40.9%) |
| cagA | 161 | (100.0%)* † | 72 | (94.7%) | 59 | (89.4%) |
| vacA s1 | 161 | (100.0%) | 76 | (100.0%) | 64 | (97.0%) |
| vacA m1 | 122 | (75.8%)* † | 32 | (42.1%) | 58 | (87.9%)** |
| jhp0562-positive | 158 | (98.1%) | 74 | (97.4%) | 64 | (97.0%) |
| β-(1,3)galT-positive | 29 | (18.0%)† | 10 | (13.2%) | 47 | (71.2%)** |
| jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3)galT-negative | 132 | (82.0%)† | 66 | (86.8%) | 19 | (28.8%)** |
| jhp0562-negative/β-(1,3)galT-positive | 3 | (1.9%) | 2 | (2.6%) | 2 | (3.0%) |
| Double-positive of jhp0562 and β-(1,3)galT | 26 | (16.1%)† | 8 | (10.5%) | 45 | (68.2%)** |
| cagA/vacA s1m1 | 122 | (75.8%)* | 30 | (39.5%) | 53 | (80.3%)** |
| cagA/vacA s1m1/jhp0562-positive/β-(1,3)galT-negative | 100 | (62.1%)* † | 26 | (34.2%) | 15 | (22.7%) |
| Antrum | ||||||
| Activity | 1.53 (1)* | 1.20 (1) | 1.44 (1)** | |||
| Inflammation | 1.76 (2) | 1.67 (2) | 1.65 (2) | |||
| Atrophy | 1.42 (1)* † | 0.89 (1) | 0.89 (1) | |||
| Intestinal metaplasia | 0.16 (0)* | 0.04 (0) | 0.14 (0) | |||
| Corpus | ||||||
| Activity | 0.93 (1) | 0.92 (1) | 0.88 (1) | |||
| Inflammation | 1.14 (1)* | 1.23 (1) | 1.08 (1)** | |||
| Atrophy | 0.55 (0)† | 0.58 (1) | 0.26 (0)** | |||
| Intestinal metaplasia | 0.02 (0) | 0.05 (0) | 0.00 (0) | |||
| OLGA | 1.51 (1)* † | 1.01 (1) | 0.94 (1) | |||
∗ indicates a statistically significant difference between Bhutan and Vietnam.
∗∗ indicates a statistically significant difference between Myanmar and Vietnam.
† indicates a statistically significant difference between Bhutan and Myanmar.
For histological scores (minimum 0 to maximum 3) and OLGA score (minimum 0 to maximum 4), mean (median) is presented.