Table 3.

Cognitive assessment adjusted means (±S.E.)

	Normative average	WFS		T1DM		HC		p
		N	M	N	M	N	M
WTAR scaled scorec	100	14	104.1 ± 2.5	21	105.3 ± 2.0	18	109.2 ± 2.2	0.28
VIQc	100	14	111.8 ± 3.5	25	108.2 ± 2.6	24	108.8 ± 2.7	0.70
Spatial relations scaled scorec	100	17	107.1 ± 2.3	25	104.6 ± 1.9	25	110.7 ± 1.9	0.08
L-N sequencing scaled scorec	10	14	11.1 ± 0.7	25	12.1 ± 0.6	24	10.2 ± 0.6	0.06
Digit span scaled scorec	10	14	12.1 ± 0.9	25	10.9 ± 0.7	22	12.4 ± 0.7	0.27
CVLT short delay recall z-scorec	0	14	0.6 ± 0.2	23	0.1 ± 0.2	24	−0.1 ± 0.2	0.07
CVLT long delay recall z-scorec	0	14	0.7 ± 0.2a,b	23	0.0 ± 0.2	24	−0.1 ± 0.2	0.02*
CPT hit reaction t-scored	50	13	39.2 ± 2.5	25	38.8 ± 1.8	25	42.8 ± 1.8	0.27
CPT detectability t-scored	50	13	48.1 ± 2.7b	25	56.3 ± 1.9	25	53.3 ± 1.9	0.05*
UPSIT raw scoresc	35+	19	23.6 ± 1.4a,b	25	31.0 ± 1.2	24	30.1 ± 1.2	<0.001*

p values shown for the main effect of group in univariate GLM analyses for each measure after correcting for age and gender

*significant at p < 0.05

^adifferent from HC group

^bdifferent from T1DM group

^chigher average = better performance

^dlower average = better performance