Table 3.

Inhalation parameters after enhanced training, and percentage change versus pre-training values

	Children with asthma (n = 23)	Adolescents with asthma (n = 27)	Adults with asthma (n = 50)	Adults with COPD (n = 50)	Healthy adults (n = 50)
Spiromax
PIF ± SD, L/min	77.99 ± 17.64†	83.87 ± 15.12‡	85.45 ± 14.60‡	68.08 ± 18.48‡	98.68 ± 9.25‡
(Change ± SD, %)	(14.18 ± 22.51)	(26.34 ± 22.83)	(19.31 ± 26.65)	(25.27 ± 33.36)	(18.93 ± 22.39)
Max ΔP ± SD, kPa	6.25 ± 2.64	7.11 ± 2.50*	7.36 ± 2.33†	3.94 ± 2.09	9.62 ± 1.66
(Change ± SD, %)	(35.24 ± 59.55)	(64.64 ± 60.13)	(49.30 ± 74.81)	(35.94 ± 81.15)	(46.36 ± 58.85)
ACC ± SD, kPa/s	19.10 ± 14.63	26.72 ± 18.42	30.02 ± 25.30*	18.79 ± 17.07*	32.21 ± 17.19
(Change ± SD, %)	(102.11 ± 171.24)	(189.28 ± 234.48)	(247.72 ± 482.94)	(152.83 ± 233.91)	(212.09 ± 284.44)
Inhalation volume ± SD, L	1.58 ± 0.60†	2.13 ± 0.67†	2.38 ± 1.12†	1.90 ± 0.90†	3.07 ± 1.05†
(Change ± SD, %)	(14.68 ± 42.03)	(10.09 ± 21.40)	(1.25 ± 26.19)	(14.73 ± 59.64)	(6.41 ± 27.99)
Turbuhaler
PIF ± SD, L/min	69.46 ± 16.18	74.31 ± 12.94	76.73 ± 15.01	60.09 ± 16.95	90.36 ± 11.00
(Change ± SD, %)	(20.03 ± 17.51)	(32.68 ± 27.56)	(22.17 ± 28.32)	(24.06 ± 25.56)	(18.16 ± 21.92)
Max ΔP ± SD, kPa	5.70 ± 2.53	6.38 ± 2.21	6.86 ± 2.51	4.37 ± 2.44§	9.30 ± 2.09
(Change ± SD, %)	(50.99 ± 40.47)	(83.35 ± 82.04)	(57.12 ± 89.53)	(60.30 ± 73.15)	(44.33 ± 56.21)
ACC ± SD, kPa/s	19.76 ± 12.37	23.58 ± 12.52	25.96 ± 20.29	15.72 ± 13.98	30.12 ± 14.34
(Change ± SD, %)	(214.36 ± 295.99)	(237.34 ± 365.66)	(188.77 ± 271.47)	(254.32 ± 426.12)	(275.05 ± 389.83)
Inhalation volume ± SD, L	1.29 ± 0.53	1.77 ± 0.56	2.11 ± 0.90	1.66 ± 0.71	2.79 ± 0.96
(Change ± SD, %)	(9.58 ± 31.29)	(15.52 ± 30.85)	(5.88 ± 34.35)	(11.26 ± 40.03)	(0.69 ± 19.91)

Data shown are mean ± standard deviation *p < 0.05 vs Turbuhaler; ^†p < 0.01 vs Turbuhaler; ^‡p < 0.0001 vs Turbuhaler; ^§p < 0.01 vs Spiromax.