Table 5. Factors associated with changes in mean total quality scores for primary care, Shanghai and Shenzhen, China, 2011–2013.
| Variablea | Difference in differences in scores (95% CI)b |
||
|---|---|---|---|
| All participants (n = 2721) | Participants with chronic diseases (n = 1415) | Participants from poor households (n = 390) | |
| Interaction of survey round and city | 1.651 (1.266 to 2.037) | 1.089 (0.378 to 1.799) | 2.027 (0.967 to 3.087) |
| Survey round | |||
| Second | −0.951 (−1.233 to −0.668) | −0.407 (−1.053 to 0.240) | −1.359 (−2.105 to −0.613) |
| Megacity | |||
| Shanghai | −0.402 (−0.814 to 0.010) | −0.691 (−1.328 to −0.054) | −0.581 (−1.765 to 0.603) |
| Sex | |||
| Male | −0.224 (−0.434 to −0.014) | 0.057 (−0.234 to 0.347) | −0.244 (−0.849 to 0.361) |
| Age in years | |||
| 45–59 | 0.090 (−0.267 to 0.448) | 0.466 (−0.202 to 1.134) | −0.160 (−1.107 to 0.788) |
| ≥ 60 | 0.352 (−0.051 to 0.754) | 0.587 (−0.110 to 1.284) | 0.380 (−0.622 to 1.382) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married | 0.263 (−0.009 to 0.536) | 0.623 (0.197 to 1.049) | 0.351 (−0.204 to 0.906) |
| Migrant status | |||
| Migrant | 0.256 (−0.087 to 0.598) | 0.135 (−0.421 to 0.690) | −0.224 (−1.251 to 0.802) |
| Education | |||
| High school and equivalent | −0.211 (−0.435 to 0.014) | −0.009 (−0.314 to 0.295) | −0.348 (−0.933 to 0.238) |
| College and above | −0.228 (−0.493 to 0.038) | −0.410 (−0.768 to −0.052) | −0.416 (−1.343 to 0.510) |
| Employment | |||
| Unemployed | 0.185 (−0.111 to 0.482) | 0.019 (−0.473 to 0.511) | −0.217 (−0.996 to 0.563) |
| Household income category | |||
| Middle | −0.127 (−0.415 to 0.160) | −0.183 (−0.601 to 0.234) | – |
| High | −0.006 (−0.367 to 0.355) | 0.002 (−0.528 to 0.531) | – |
| Health insurance | |||
| Uninsured | 0.041 (−0.260 to 0.342) | 0.417 (−0.167 to 1.002) | 1.034 (0.268 to 1.800) |
| CHC visits in previous 12 months | |||
| 5–12 | 0.628 (0.359 to 0.897) | 0.631 (0.153 to 1.109) | 0.296 (−0.442 to 1.034) |
| ≥ 13 | 1.203 (0.890 to 1.517) | 1.288 (0.821 to 1.754) | 0.718 (−0.185 to 1.621) |
| Years since first visit to CHC | |||
| 3–4 | −0.185 (−0.477 to 0.108) | −0.150 (−0.624 to 0.323) | −0.297 (−1.125 to 0.532) |
| ≥ 5 | 0.334 (0.078 to 0.591) | 0.610 (0.229 to 0.990) | 0.215 (−0.494 to 0.925) |
| Health status | |||
| Fair | 0.303 (−0.039 to 0.645) | 0.170 (−0.217 to 0.557) | 0.070 (−0.705 to 0.846) |
| Good | 0.625 (0.259 to 0.990) | 0.460 (0.008 to 0.912) | 0.244 (−0.627 to 1.115) |
| Diagnosed with chronic disease | −0.065 (−0.342 to 0.212) | – | 0.133 (−0.649 to 0.915) |
CHC: community health centre; CI: confidence interval.
a In the models, the first survey round, Shenzhen, female, younger than 45 years, unmarried, educated to no more than middle-school level, employed, low household income, with health insurance, fewer than five visits to the community health centre in the previous 12 months, having visited the CHC for less than three years, poor health status and absence of diagnosed chronic disease were used as reference categories.
b Difference-in-difference models were calculated with Shenzhen used as reference and adjustments made for other potential confounders.